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Psycolgy > Motivation And Emotion > Flashcards

Motivation And Emotion Flashcards

0
Q

Instinct theories

A

Postulates the existence of innate, unconscious drives

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1
Q

Motivation

A

A need which drives behavior

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2
Q

Fixed action patterns

A

Typically non-human, innate, species related behavior, ex: mating, migrating

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3
Q

Psychoanalytic theory

A

Developed by Sigmund Freud, influenced by Darwin, view humans as being part of the animal kingdom, apply innate unconscious drives and instincts to human behavior, everything depended on pleasure

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4
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

A particular way of thinking about any topic in Psychology
Based upon evolutionary biology: mind is merely information processing machine, designed by natural selection, governed by adaption

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5
Q

Drive-Reduction (Homeostatic theory)

A

Drives exist: drived by needs, we lack something, physical and social needs, result in behavior reduction to stop tension

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6
Q

Negative feedback

A

Behaviors which reduce tension are repeated, behaviors which create tension are avoided

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7
Q

Incentive theory

A

Deals with primary and secondary needs
Primary needs push us to certain behaviors: food, shelter, sex
Secondary, external needs invite us to certain behaviors: rewards, recognition

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8
Q

Arousal theory

A

Postulates the existence of an inner state of alertness, relative to each person, facts performance

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9
Q

Optimum arousal

A

A relative ideal level of alertness or emotional arousal, peak performance

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10
Q

Hermes-Dodson law

A

Inverted u hypothesis
an index which graphs the relationship levels or arousal and performance
Different tasks require different levels of arousal for optimum performance

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11
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

A

Abraham Maslow

Basic needs, safety needs, love, self esteem, self actualization

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12
Q

Hunger

A

Need for food and water that drives behavior

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13
Q

Biology of hunger

A

Hypothalamus

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14
Q

Lateral hypothalamus

A

Tells body your hungry

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15
Q

Ventral medial hypothalamus

A

Tells body Sense of fullness by releasing orexin

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16
Q

Glucose

A

Levels blood sugar level, lack of creates hunger

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17
Q

Insulin

A

Hormone, released by pancreas, metabolizes glucose

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18
Q

Glucagon

A

Converts stored energy to glucose

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19
Q

Approach approach

A

Pizza vs hunger

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20
Q

Approach avoidance

A

Movie vs hw

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21
Q

Avoidance avoidance

A

Trash vs dishes

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22
Q

Multiple approach avoidance

A

Multiple positive and negative options

23
Q

Cholecystokinin CCK

A

Hormone and neurotransmitter, facets small intestines, promotes sense of fullness

24
Q

Orexin

A

Released lateral hypothalamus, triggers hunger

25
Q

Leptin

A

Released by fat tissues, signals hypothalamus to stop storage of fat

26
Q

Set point

A

Suppose innate weight range, determined by number of fat cells, changes with time & bmr

27
Q

BMR

A

Basal metabolic rate, natural rate of calorie expenditure when doing nothing

28
Q

Thirst

A

Dehydration

Low blood volume

29
Q

Pain

A

Physical discomfort

Motivates avoidance behaviors

30
Q

Kinsey report

A

Alfred Kinsey
Researcher of sexual behaviors
Highly controversial
0-7

31
Q

Masters and Johnson

A

Researches of human sexual responses

Sexual response cycle: arousal, plateau, orgasm, resolution (contains refractory period for men)

32
Q

Female hormones

A

Estrogen: development of female organs, secondary sex characteristics, fertility cycle
Progesterone

33
Q

Men hormones

A

Testosterone: development of male sex organs, secondary characteristics
Oryxion

34
Q

Sexual orientation

A

Inflation of an individual’s sexual interest

35
Q

Heterosexual

A

Desire for opposite sex

36
Q

Homosexual

A

Desire for same sex

37
Q

Bi- sexual

A

Desire for both sexes

38
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Drive based upon enjoyment or interest

39
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Drive based upon external rewards or punishment

40
Q

Affiliation

A

Need to belong

41
Q

Achievement

A

Need to fulfill a job or task
Individual: achievement for ones own sake
Collective: achievement for the sake of the community

42
Q

Over justification effect

A

The result of being rewarded for behavior that we already like doing

43
Q

Evolution army theory

A

Emociones adapt to survive

Snake-sweat-scared

44
Q

Schachter-singer (2 factor theory)

A

Biological arousal and cognitive appraisal

Snake : sweating: think we’re afraid

45
Q

Spillover effect

A

Influences: How intense the emotions are

How we interpret

46
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

Snake: sweating: cognitive (cortex)
Emotional (LIMBIC)
Simotaniously experience arousal and conscious awareness

47
Q

Emotional expression

A

Facial expression
voice tone
Body language

48
Q

Paul ekman

A

College American psychologist

Creates Emotions - facial expression

49
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic nervous system: activates physical arousal

Parasympathetic nervous system: homeostasis

50
Q

LIMBIC system

A

Hippocampus: long term memory
Hypothalamus: basic drive: hunger sex thirst
Amygdala: fear and aggression

51
Q

Facial feedback effect

A

Expression impacts emotion

Body language happy: happier

52
Q

James Lange theory

A 
William James and Carl Lang 
3 factors: external stimuli 
Psychological arousal 
interpretation of arousal as emotion 
"We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble"
53
Q

Paul ekmans universal facial expressions

A 
Happy 
Sadness 
Surprise 
Fear
Anger
Disgust 
Contempt
54
Q

Malingering

A

pretending to have an illness to avoid consequences

55
Q

Factitious

A

Pretending illness to gain attention

56
Q

Hans Selye’s general adaptation syndrome

A

Adaptive response 3 stages:
Alarm reaction: sympathetic activates because of a stressor
Resistance: harmonic state of sympathetic arousal
Exhaustion: health risks to chronic stress response, immunodeficiency

Psycolgy (8 decks)

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