Social Psychology

Question 1

judgements about the causes of a personal behavior
- “why did they do that?”

Answer 1

attribution

Question 2

behavior that was due to the situation

Answer 2

situational attribution

Question 3

behavior that was due to the individual

Answer 3

disposal attribution

Question 4

we tend to view behavior as a result of a personals disposition even when it can be explained by obvious situational factors

Answer 4

correspondence bias

Question 5

failure to consider situational factors leads to overestimating the amount that disposition contributed to behavior

Answer 5

fundamental attribution error

Question 6

emphasizing dispositional attributions to explain the behaviors of others while emphasizing situational attributions to explain out own behavior

Answer 6

actor-observer bias

Question 7

we view out successes differently than our failures
success = dispositional attribution
failure = situational attribution

Answer 7

self-serving bias

Question 8

the assumption that good things happen to good people, but bad things happen to bad people

Answer 8

just-world belief

Question 9

• more emphasis on situational factors
• more likely to show group-serving bias

Answer 9

collectivist cultures

Question 10

• more emphasis on dispositional factors
• more likey to use defensive attributions

Answer 10

individualistic cultures

Question 11

a positive or negative evaluation that predisposes behavior toward an object, person, or situatio

Answer 11

attitudes

Question 12

the uncomfortable state that occurs when behavior and attitudes do not match

Answer 12

cognitive dissonance

Question 13

an attitude change in response to information provided by another person

Answer 13

persuasion

Question 14

a model predicting responses to persuasive messages by distinguishing two pathways leading to changes in attitudes
- central route
- peripheral route

Answer 14

elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

Question 15

when a person considers persuasive arguments carefully and thoughtfully

Answer 15

central route (deep)

Question 16

when a person responds to peripheral (or external) cues, rather than carefully considering the quality of an argument
- rule of thumb

Answer 16

peripheral route (shallow)

Question 17

a pre-judgement or attitude (usually negative) of another person based on group membership (the attitudes)

Answer 17

prejudice

Question 18

simplified sets of traits associated with group membership (the thoughts)

Answer 18

sterotype

Question 19

unfair behavior based no stereotyping and prejudice (the behavior)

Answer 19

discrimination

Question 20

anxiety about confirming a negative group stereotype can prevent you from doing your best work

Answer 20

stereotype threat

Question 21

usually unwritten or unspoken reels for behavior in social settings

Answer 21

social norms

Question 22

matching behavior and appearance to the perceived social norms of a group

Answer 22

conformity

Question 23

agreeing to do something because another person asks us, even if they have no authority over us

Answer 23

compliance

Question 24

feeling obligated to give something back to people who gave something to us
- one of the most powerful tools of social influence

Answer 24

reciprocation

Question 25

a large, unreasonable demand followed by a smaller request

Answer 25

door-in-the-face technique

Question 26

a small request is followed up by a large request

Answer 26

foot-in-the-door technique

Question 27

an initially favorable deal is revised upward once buyer appears committed

Answer 27

lowballing

Question 28

compliance with the request (or demand) of an authority figure

Answer 28

obedience

Question 29

a situation in which the presence of other people changes individual performance

Answer 29

social facilitation

Question 30

the effect of arousal on performance depends on the complexity of the task

Answer 30

terkes-dodson law

Question 31

performance improves with arousal

Answer 31

simple tasks

Question 32

performance improves at first, then becomes impaired as arousal continues to grow

Answer 32

complex tasks

Question 33

reduced motivation and effort shown by individuals working in a group

Answer 33

social loafing

Question 34

immersion of an individual within a group leading to autonomy

Answer 34

deindividualization

Question 35

the intensifying of an original attitude following discussion

Answer 35

group polarization

Question 36

the intensifying of an original attitude following discussion

Answer 36

group polarization

Question 37

a type of flawed decision making in which a group doesn’t question its decisions critically

Answer 37

groupthink