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Psychology 1100 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

the ability to store and retrieve information over time

A

memory

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2
Q

how many steps is the memory process

A

three

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3
Q

refers to acquiring and transforming information from one form to another

A

encoding

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4
Q

the retention of information

A

storage

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5
Q

the recovery of stored information – when you recall memory

A

retrieval

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6
Q

info flows through a series of separate stages of memory

A

Atkinson-shiffrin model of memory

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7
Q

holds large amounts of incoming data for brief amounts of time
- 1 second or less

A

sensory memory

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8
Q

sensory memory
— iconic —

A

visual

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9
Q

sensory memory
— echoic —

A

sound

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10
Q

sensory memory
— haptic —

A

touch and other body senses

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11
Q

holds a small amount of information for a limited times
- 30 seconds at most

A

short-term memory

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12
Q

repetition of information in your short term memory

A

rehearsal

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13
Q

the process of grouping similar or meaningful information together

A

chunking

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14
Q

an extension of the concept of short-term memory that includes the active manipulation of multiple types of information simultaneously

A

working memory

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15
Q

the final stage of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model that is the location of permanent memories
- few limitations to capacity or duration

A

long-term memory

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16
Q

the depth (shallow or deep) of processing applied to information that predicts its ease of retrieval

A

levels of processing theory

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17
Q

simple repetition of material

A

maintenance rehersal

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18
Q

linking new material to things you already knew

A

elaborative rehearsal

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19
Q

more likely to recall info processed on a deep level

A

levels of processing theory

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20
Q

meaningful associations between the concept you are studying and related concepts

A

elaboration

21
Q

you have to make clear contrasts between the concept you are studying and other concepts

A

distinctiveness

22
Q

relating concepts to you personal experience helps increase meaningfulness, elaboration and distinctiveness

A

personal

23
Q

practice recalling the information and using the information in the way that your teacher expects you to be able to do

A

appropriate retrieval and application

24
Q

the likelihood that an item on a word list will be remembered depends on its position in the lise

A

serial position effect

25
Q

better recall for first items on a list

A

primacy effect

26
Q

better recall for last items on a list

A

recency effect

27
Q

consciously retrieved memory that is easy to “declare” or discuss verbally
- EXPLICIT

A

declarative memory

28
Q

associated facts and concepts that make up our general knowledge of the world

A

semantic memory

29
Q

memory for personal experiences
“episode of your life”

A

episodic memory

30
Q

includes semantic or episodic memories that reference the self

A

autobiographical memory

31
Q

unconscious effortlessly retrieved memory that is difficult to verbalize

A

nondeclaritive memory

32
Q

gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or “knowing how” to do things

A

procedural memory

33
Q

change in a response to a stimulus as a result of exposure to a previous stimulus

A

priming

34
Q

a connectionist theory proposing that people organize general knowledge based on their individual experiences

A

spreading activation model

35
Q

a set of expectations about objects or situations

A

schema

36
Q

the recovery of stored information

A

retrieval

37
Q

any stimulus that helps you access target information

A

cue

38
Q

memory is improved when information available at encoding is also available at retrieval

A

encoding specificity

39
Q

better recall of info when you’re in the same state during encoding and retrieval

A

context-dependent memory

40
Q

building a memory out of stored elements

A

reconstruction

41
Q

vivid and detailed memories of emotional events

A

flashbulb memories

42
Q

a decrease in the ability to remember a previously formed memory

A

forgetting

43
Q

a reduction in the ability to retrieve rarely used information over time

A

decay

44
Q

competition between newer and older information in memory

A

interference

45
Q

earlier learning impairs memory for information acquired later

A

proactive interference

46
Q

later learning impairs memory for information acquired earlier

A

retroactive interference

47
Q

failure to retrieve negative memories

A

motivated forgetting

48
Q

confusion between real and imagined memories

A

confabulation

Psychology 1100 (12 decks)

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