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Psychology 1100 > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

refers to a state of awareness

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2
Q

self-awareness

A

awareness that one exists as an individual being

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3
Q

what is present in the consciousness of the brain?

A

the thalamus and the cerebral cortex

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4
Q

pattern of electrical brain activity

A

when we are not thinking about anything in particular
- prepares the brain for conscious thought
- we spend about 50 % of time in this state

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5
Q

sleep

A

normal state of consciousness characterized by reduced awareness of the environment

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6
Q

waking

A

normal state of consciousness characterized by alertness and awareness of the environment

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7
Q

circadian rhythms

A

a daily biological rhythm that determines sleep and waking, influenced by light exposure

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8
Q

biological clock

A

internal mechanism that provides an approximate schedule for bodily processes

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9
Q

zeitgebers

A

external stimuli that help us identify identify time of day

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10
Q

what can mess with your circadian rhythm?

A
  • exposure to too much artificial light
  • decreased release of melatonin from the pineal gland
  • shift work
  • travel across time zone
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11
Q

major depressive orders can become worse with…

A

seasonal patters

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12
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

test that detects electrical activity in your brain using small, flat metal disks (electrodes) attached to your scalp

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13
Q

different sleep wavelengths acronyms…

A

B - beta (awake)
A - alpha (drowsy)
T - theta (stage 1)
S - spindles and k-complexes (stage 2)
D - delta (stage 3 and 4)
B - beta (REM)

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14
Q

gamma waves

A

pattern of brain activity that signals a person is processing sensory input

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15
Q

beta waves

A

pattern of brain activity that signals that a person is actively thinking and alert

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16
Q

alpha waves

A

patter of brain actively that signals that a person is awake but relaxed

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17
Q

stage-one of sleep

A

N - REM Sleep
- very light sleep characterized by theta waves

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18
Q

stage two of sleep

A

N-REM Sleep
- characterized by slower heart rate and breathing pattern, as well as K-complexes and spindles

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19
Q

Stages 3 & 4 of Sleep

A

N-REM Sleep
- deep sleep (difficult to wake from), characterized by delta waves and rhythmic breathing

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20
Q

REM Sleep is characterized by…

A
  • brain activity resembling waking
  • rapid motion of the eyes
  • muscular paralysis
  • sympathetic nervous system activation
  • vivid dreaming
  • SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM -
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21
Q

dreaming

A

a mental state that usually occurs during sleep featuring visual imagery

22
Q

nightmares

A
  • during REM sleep
  • remember the content
  • experiences by everyone
23
Q

sleep terrors

A
  • prior to REM sleep
  • become distressed during
  • don’t remember it once they wake up
24
Q

insomnia

A
  • difficulty falling or staying asleep
  • 30 % of adults report insomnia
  • related to anxiety or emotional distress
25
Q

narcolepsy

A
  • sudden sleep occurs during everyday tasks
  • REM sleep
26
Q

sleep apnea

A
  • people stop breathing while sleeping
  • common in obese/overweight people
  • can lead to brain damage
27
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A
  • infants die suddenly in their sleep
  • if they are not laying the right way or if they
28
Q

restless leg syndrome

A
  • involuntary movement in one leg
  • tingling feeling
29
Q

coma

A
  • damage to both cerebral hemispheres or to the reticular formation
  • lasts a few days or several weeks
30
Q

vegetative state

A
  • waking without consciousness
  • patients look normal but can’t (usually) communicate
31
Q

brain death

A

complete and irreversible lack of measurable brain activity

32
Q

near-death experiences

A

an out-of-body experience in which people feel they are viewing their body from a floating person above it

33
Q

seizures

A

uncontrolled electrical disturbances in the brain that often produce changes in consciousness

34
Q

parietal seizures

A

originate in a particular part of the brain known as the focal area and are often accompanied by an aura

35
Q

generalized seizures

A

loss of consciousness, cessation of breathing, and intense muscular contraction

36
Q

psychoactive drugs

A

any drug with the capability of altering a person’s state of consciousness

37
Q

why do people use drugs?

A
  • recreational use
  • seeking insight
  • positive emotions
  • self discovery
  • religious contexts
  • healing
38
Q

addiction

A

compulsive physical or psychological dependence on a substance or activity

39
Q

tolerance

A

when a person must take larger quantities of a drug to achieve the same effect

40
Q

withdrawal

A

response to removal of some habitually administered drug

41
Q

marijuana

A
  • words on cannabinoid receptors
  • hallucinogen
  • memory impairment
  • loss of motivation
  • depression
  • social withdrawal

USED FOR PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA

42
Q

LSD

A
  • vivid hallucinations
  • can produce flashbacks
  • intrusive and involuntary hallucinations years and decades later
43
Q

ritalin (methylphenidate)

A
  • increased attention
  • decreased appetite and difficulty sleeping
  • not only taken by patients with ADHD
    • it can be used to make ANYONE focus
44
Q

cocaine and amphetamines

A

effects…
- alertness
- elevated mood
- confidence
- sense of well being

bad effects…
- produce schizofrenia like symptoms
- hallucinations
- delusional fears
- repetitive motor behaviors

45
Q

MDMA (ecstasy)

A

effects…
- increased heart hate
- increased blood pressure
- increased body temperature
- increased sociability

bad effects…
- dehydration
- exhaustion
- hypothermia
- convulsions
- death

46
Q

opioids

A

effects…
- euphoria
- pain relief
- reduced anxiety
- sleep

47
Q

caffeine

A

effects…
- increased alertness
- inhibits sleep

bad effects…
- headache
- fatigue
- heart rhythm abnormalities

48
Q

nicotine

A

effects…
- increased heart rate and blood pressure
- reduced fatigue
- improves cognitive performance
- muscle relaxation

49
Q

alcohol

A

effects…
- dilates blood vesicles
- warm and flushed feeling
- reduces anxiety
- more outgoing

bad effects…
- agression
- risky behavior
- poor coordination

50
Q

4 main substance use disorders

A
  1. imparted control
  2. social impairments
  3. risky use
  4. pharmacological criteria

Psychology 1100 (12 decks)

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