Social Psych Flashcards
Self-Serving Bias
We attribute our successes to internal stuff and failures to external stuff
Hardiness
Protective personality trait–includes sense of commitment, challenge (openness to new experiences and change), and sense of control
Influential characteristics of communicators
Attitude change more likely when communicators are credible, and trustworthiness is major factor that contributes to credibility (if arguing against own best interests you seem trustworthy)
Autokinetic effect (Sherif)
Study used perceptual phenomenon in which a stationary point of light seems to move in a dark room to study conformity in groups
Social Judgment Theory
Three categories of judgment used to evaluate persuasive messages–latitude of acceptance, latitude of non-commitment, and latitude of rejection. Most likely to be persuaded when message is within latitude of acceptance.
Psychological Reactance
Tendency to resist being influenced or manipulated, usually by doing the opposite of what is requested or expected
Law of Attraction (Byrne)
We are attracted to others who have similar attitudes because interacting with those people is more rewarding than dissimilar people.
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis
Frustration plus aggressive cues leads to aggression. Earlier version was just frustration leads to aggression.
Effects of Crowding
Crowded conditions enhance positive experiences and increase unpleasantness of negative experiences. Men are more negatively impacted by crowds, with increased aggressiveness.
Zeigarnik Effect
Tendency to remember interrupted and unfinished tasks better than completed ones, especially in nonstressful situations.
Self-verification theory
We prefer feedback from others that is consistent with our own self-evaluations
Overjustification Hypothesis
When we are rewarded externally for something we found previously intrinsically interesting, intrinsic interest will decrease.
Heuristics
Mental shortcuts used to make attributions and social judgments. Help us make conclusions quickly but can result in errors
Examples: representativeness, availability, simulation, anchoring, adjustment
Epinephrine Studies (Schachter and Singer)
When internal cues are insufficient or hard to interpret, we acquire info about ourselves by observing external behaviors and context.
Barnum Effect
Horoscopes! Tendency to accept vague, general descriptions of oneself as accurate
Theory of Planned Behavior
Attittudes accurately predict behaviors when you measure all three components of one’s attitude (attitude toward engaging in the behavior, what they believe other people think they should do, and perceived behavioral control
Emotion-in-Relationship Model
Helps explain the experience of having strong emotions in close relationships. We generate emotion in response to unexpected events that disrupt ongoing sequence of behaviors.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Inconsistencies in cognitions lead to discomfort. This motivates us to reduce discomfort by changing our cognitions.