Social policy Flashcards
When was compulsory education?
1880
When was the Education (Butler) Act and what did it introduce and why?
1944; tried to meet individual needs through the Tripartite System - grammar, secondary modern and technical schools including the 11+
What was the result of the 1944 Education Act?
Inequality because the middle-classes were more likely to pass the 11+, making grammar schools dominated by the middle-class (gave them the skills for uni and college) and secondary moderns being dominated by the working-class (gave manual skills, preventing their opportunity to go to university)
When was comprehensivisation and what was its aim?
1965-66; To aid meritocracy and allow for social mobility by making equal access to education resources
What processes resulted from comprehensivisation? Why?
Banding and streaming to cope with large range of abilities
When was the Educational Reform Act? What did it introduce?
1988;
- Marketisation*
- GCSEs
- National curriculum
- SATs
- Formula funding*
- Open enrolment*
- Publication of league tables*
- OFSTED*
- Reduced LEA control
What approach did the Education Reform Act reflect?
The New Right - improving standards through competition
What did Chubb and Moe discuss?
The voucher system: Improving education by allowing parents to choose their schools and use their “voucher” on that school (marketisation)
Who can be used to criticise marketisation?
- Gillborn and Youdell: Educational triage
- Gerwitz: Parental choosers increases cultural deprivation
- Bourdieu: Cultural capital
- Bartlett: Cream skimming and silt-shifting by popular schools
- Ball: Myth of parentocracy
- Gillborn: Ethnic minorities are segregated
When was the New Labour policy? What did they do?
1997; Furthered marketisation by introducing faith schools and specialist schools
They also…
- Introduced university “top up” fees
- Sure Start
- EMA
- EAZ
- Aim Higher
When was the Coalition government and what did they introduce?
2010
- Cut funding to Sure Start and EMA
- Tripled university fees
- Streamlined GCSEs and A levels
- Introduced the numerical system to GCSEs
- Continued marketisation - push free schools and introduced
- Free school meals for under 7s
- Pupil premium
- Extended education to 18
What does Ball discuss?
The education service industry, where private companies perform services within the education system, such as career advice (cola-lisation of education)
Why did the Coalition government streamline and introduce rigour to GCSEs and A levels (related to globalisation)?
Britain does not do well in international educational league tables
Whose views are postmodern?
New Labour - choice and diversity
