Ethnicity - Internal

Question 1

Gillborn and Youdell

Answer 1

Teacher racism: Teachers are quicker to discipline black pupils

Question 2

Osler

Answer 2

Teacher racism: Black pupils are more likely to suffer unofficial or internal exclusions

Question 3

Wright

Answer 3

Teacher racism: Asian people can also be the victims of labelling. Teachers assumed that these pupils had a poor grasp of English and used simplistic language when talking to them, especially Asian girls

Question 4

Archer

Answer 4

Pupil identities: Teachers see ethnic minority identities as lacking the identity of the favoured pupils (who is middle class and white)

Question 5

Sewell

Answer 5

Pupil subcultures: Students adopt subcultures to deal with racism. There are four groups: the rebels, the conformists, the retreatists, and the innovators

Question 6

Gillborn

Answer 6

Ethnocentric curriculum: The assessment system is rigged to validate the dominant culture

Marketisation and segregation: Marketisation has given schools greater scope for negative stereotyping to influence schools admissions decisions

Question 7

Hatcher

Answer 7

Institutional racism: Governors gave little time to race issues such as language support

Question 8

Roithmayr

Answer 8

Institutional racism: Racism is an ingrained feature of society, she describes this as “locked-in inequality”, where inequality is so historic that is starts to self-perpetuate, and there no longer needs to be any conscious intent to discriminate