Ethnicity - External

Question 1

Murray

Answer 1

Black people have a lower IQ, so they underachieve.

Single parent families have reduced life chances and African-Caribbean families have a high percentage of lone parent households. Also, lack of role models lead black boys to underachieve

Question 2

Bernstein

Answer 2

Ethnic minorities lack cultural capital, and so their way of speaking may be considered a restricted code, which is different to the code accepted by education; elaborated code

Question 3

Holland

Answer 3

There is a lack of positive black role models in the media and education system

Question 4

Mirza

Answer 4

Family structure: Black parents have set up “black supplementary schools” to assist children.

Material deprivation: Over 90% of black pupils live in urban areas which have poor resources according to OFSTED

Question 5

Ballard

Answer 5

Family values: Asian parents have high educational aspirations for their children

Question 6

Pryce

Answer 6

Family values: African-Caribbean life is turbulent, and less resistant to racism, so these pupils have low self-esteem

Question 7

Palmer

Answer 7

Material deprivation: Almost half of all ethnic minority children live in low income families, and ethnic minorities are almost twice as likely to be unemployed

Question 8

Noon

Answer 8

Societal racism: Ethnic minorities are more likely to face unemployment and low pay