Social Pack One - Obedience

Question 1

Key assumptions of social psychology

Answer 1

The approach assumes that other people can affect our behaviour thought processes and emotions
Suggests that the social situation can affect …
Being in groups in society can also affect behaviour- we respond differently to people depending on the group that they are in - favour members of own group
The roles that we play in society affect behaviour

Question 2

Social influence

Answer 2

When an individual’s behaviour attitudes or emotions are affected by someone else

Question 3

Obedience

Answer 3

Is a form of social influence, means obeying direct orders from someone of authority

Question 4

Compliance

Answer 4

Part of obedience- going along with what someone says while not necessarily agreeing with it

Question 5

Dissenting

Answer 5

Where the orders are rejected

Question 6

Internalising

Answer 6

Obey with agreement

Question 7

Conformity

Answer 7

Adopt the behaviours and attitudes of those around you

Question 8

Obedience study

Answer 8

Milgram 1963

Question 9

Social agency theory

Answer 9

Milgram - 1973-4
Two states
Autonomous - person believes that they have the power in I control own moral code
Agentic - someone else to direct their behaviour- not responsible for consequences of own actions
May act agains moral code
Evolution survival strategy - following leaders rather than acting independently
Agentic - learned in childhood
Legal system
Moral strain

Question 10

Evidence for agency theory

Answer 10

Milgrans study
Moral strain
Dicplcmet of responsibility
Supported by other research

Question 11

Evidence against agency theory

Answer 11

Lacks direct evidence mentalnprocess so can’t be directly observed
Description rather than explanation

Question 12

Methodology agency theory

Answer 12

Standardised procedures
Lacks mundane realism - doesn’t generalise outside of lab experiments

Question 13

Applications agency theory

Answer 13

Real life events - us soldiers in the beitnam war
Holding er Al showed nurses obey doctors orders

Question 14

Alternative theory agency theory

Answer 14

Does not explain motivational issues behind obedience
Social impact theory

Question 15

Social impact theory

Answer 15

Bibb latane 1981
How likley we are to be influenced by others
The presence of others causes changes to behaviour
Person impacted is target influence if is source
Strength - status authority or age
Immediacy - the distance in space and time
Number how many sources and targets in group
Multiplication of impact
Division of impact

Question 16

Evidence for social impact theory

Answer 16

Milgram variations study
Two peers rebelled lowered obedience to 10%
Milgram a variation 7

Question 17

Evidence against social impact theory

Answer 17

Ignores individual differences
Does not explain why problem are influenced by others

Question 18

Methodology of social impact theory

Answer 18

Both lab and feild increases scientific credibility + standardised procedures and controls

Could be considered reductionist as uses mathematical formula so explain complex behaviours

Question 19

Factors affecting obedience

Answer 19

Individual differences, situational variables culture

Question 20

Individual differences affecting obedience personality

Answer 20

Locus of control- Ritter 1966
External locus believe their behaviour is largely out of their control
Internal - responsible for their own actions

Authoritarianism
Hostility to people with different face social group age sexuality
Submissive to authority hatch to those who dream subordinate to themselves
Adorno f scale to marshes
Milgram and elms obedient participants had higher f scale indications authoritarian personality

Empathy
High levels of empathy less obedient to harm sometime
Burger 2009 did not translate

Question 21

Gender in obedience

Answer 21

Milgram variation - 40 female teachers
Found they we vertically identical to
But reported level of anxiety much higher
Same in Burger
Blasts 1999 consistently across 9/10 studies
Kilhsm and Mann -women far less ones rn 16% to 40%
Overall makes no difference

Question 22

Situational variables affecting obedience

Answer 22

Momentum of compliance - starts if with small trivial requests then goes onto to bigger ones to participate feels duty bound
Proximity - the closer the authority figure the higher level of obedience - Milgram
Status of authority figure - higher when authority figure seemed legitimate
- eg prestigious Yale uni
Personal responsibility- obedience higher when they felt someone else was responsible for harming

Question 23

The effect of culture of obedience

Answer 23

Individualist eg bro again and America behave independently
Collectivist china isreal cooperation and compliance
Ancona and parry’s on 1968 - replication of Milgram a study in Italy obedience rate of 80% but max was 330 and only used students
Slater 2006 virtual reality - shocks given to a computer generated avatar found similar results uk vs us