Social Learning Theory and Gender Development - SEX & GENDER Flashcards
define internalisation in terms of the social learning theory and gender
accepting others’ beliefs because they resonate with yours
define identification in terms of SLT and gender
complying to gain access to a group, then accepting it over time
what did Bandura (1982) add to the SLT and how did these have an effect
he added social factors which had an effect through mediational process
what is indirect reinforcement (Bandura, 1991)
vicarious reinforcement and observation combined
what else did Bandura say was important regarding indirect reinforcement
identification
what name did Bandura revise the name of his 1986 Social Learning Theory to
social cognitive theory
in the social cognitive theory, what term does Bandura begin with which he later changes again
he began with the term “mediational processes” and later started calling them “cognitive processes”
what is the cognitive process in SGT
cost vs benefit
- children undergo cognitive assessment of new behaviours, comparing the expectations of reward vs punishment
what did Bandura’s new SGT still have aspects of in it
behaviourism
what did Bandura say about gender maintenance by direct reinforcement
that whatever we expected, the future of behaviour depended on physical consequences - direct positive and negative reinforcement/punishment
example of direct positive reinforcement (Bandura)
whenever a parent/teacher/friend rewards gender-appropriate behaviour, it becomes more frequent
example of direct negative reinforcement (Bandura)
when mocking leads to behaviour change that results in acceptance/prase, the new behaviour becomes more frequent
example of direct punishment (Bandura) strengthening behaviour
if a child performs a non-stereotypical behaviour and is ‘punished’ when other children mock them, this behaviour will become less frequent
what is self-tuition
when cognitive processes like rehearsal allow children to learn through tv programmes, parental instructions etc
what is self-direction
when children have internalised behaviours (formed in-group identities/achieved gender stability) they perform actions for themselves
