Hormones - SEX & GENDER Flashcards

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1
Q

three hormones we study

A

testosterone, oestrogen, oxytocin

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2
Q

when is testosterone produced

A

before birth

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3
Q

what can a fetus that is insensitive to sperm (intersex) cause

A

no formation of male genitalia

often raised as girls (no visible genitalia)

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4
Q

what is affected by (the mother’s) testosterone levels

A

brain development of child

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5
Q

what have studies shown that XX females are like

A

they’re ‘tomboyish’ and prefer masculine activities (Berenbaum and Bailey, 2003)

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6
Q

where is oestrogen present

A

in all cases for the fetus

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7
Q

what is the ‘default’ gender for the fetus

A

female

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8
Q

what is oestrogen level associated with

A

smaller brain size

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9
Q

what does oestrogen promote

A

secondary female sex characteristics in puebrty

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10
Q

what does oestrogen control

A

the menstrual cycle

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11
Q

when are oestrogen levels elevated

A

during pregnancy

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12
Q

where is oxytocin produced and why

A

in pituitary glands in response to skin-skin contact (e.g. breast feeding)

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13
Q

what does oxytocin promote

A

bonding behaviours

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14
Q

what is caused by oxytocin

A

milk production and enables post-orgasm bliss/contentment

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15
Q

what does oxytocin dampen in women

A

the fight-or-flight response - is related to “tend and befriend”

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