Sex Role Stereotypes & Androgyny - GENDER

Question 1

what is sex type

Answer 1

a biological fact: male or female

Question 2

what is gender

Answer 2

behaviour and/or subjective differences between sexes

Question 3

what is the way we behave affected by

Answer 3

our social environment, upbringing and experiences

Question 4

what is a sex-role stereotype

Answer 4

socially and/or culturally defined sets of expectations we have about the behaviour of each gender

Question 5

how do we learn sex-role stereotypes

Answer 5

through implicit and explicit behaviour

Question 5

how do we learn sex-role stereotypes

Answer 5

through implicit and explicit behaviour

Question 6

how do we learn sex-role stereotypes implicitly

Answer 6

internalisation, schema building

Question 7

how do we learn sex-role stereotypes explicitly

Answer 7

through modelling (social learning theory)

Question 8

who introduced the idea of androgyny

Answer 8

Sandra Bem (1970s)

Question 9

what is androgyny

Answer 9

when someone displays the characteristics/behaviours of both genders

Question 10

what did Bem claim about gender behaviour

Answer 10

that you could not reliably tell someone’s gender by a list of their behaviours alone

Question 11

what did Bem say stereotypes in modern society could cause

Answer 11

psychological and social harm - specifically restricting behaviour

Question 12

what could reinforcing fixed (musturbatory) distinctions result in

Answer 12

lower self-worth of the individual

Question 13

name of the research Bem did

Answer 13

Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI)

Question 14

what items did the BSRI involve

Answer 14

20 masculine, 20 feminine and 20 neutral behaviours

Question 15

three possible results from the BSRI

Answer 15

masculine (high m, low f), feminine (high f, low m) and androgyny (high rates of f and m)

Question 16

3 weaknesses of BSRI

Answer 16

1. undefined/neutral terms are more negative than the other headings
2. lists of items have problems with culture change and temporal validity
3. fourth category (undifferentiated) added but lacked construct validity (Spence et al, 1975)

Question 17

what did Bem call her findings when writing about them

Answer 17

the gender schema theory

Question 18

what was the first thing the gender schema theory said

Answer 18

everyone acts according to their dominant schema for a given situation

Question 19

what was the second point the gender schema theory made

Answer 19

some people have a wider repertoire of schematic references than others (they’re androgynous)

Question 20

what was the third (and final) thing the gender schema theory suggested

Answer 20

some have learnt very specific schemata (they’re strongly m or f)