Chromosomes - SEX & GENDER Flashcards
how many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
23
what is sex determined by
sex chromosomes
male sex chromosome configuration
XY
female sexy chromosome configuration
XX
what does the Y chromosome contain
the SRY gene
what does the SRY gene cause
male physical development at the fetal stage
what does SRY stand for (SRY gene)
sex-determining region Y protein”
what is the SRY gene
it’s a transcription factor that binds to DNA to control other genes (an epigenetic change)
how does every fetus appear at the beginning
as female - until a few weeks after contraception
when is sex organ development completed
at around 3 months after contraception
what happens after the sex organ development
lutropin is produced in both sexes
where is lutropin produced from
adrenal glands
what do testes contain
leydig cells
what do leydig cells respond to and how
they respond to lutropin by producing testosterone
what does testosterone drive
further male development
two syndromes included in atypical sex chromosomes patterns (intersex)
klinefelter’s syndrome and turner’s syndrome
who does Klinefelter’s syndrome affect
1 in 100 males
what chromosome configuration do men with Klinefelter’s have
XXY
how is a child with Klinefelter’s born
with a penis and develops male traits
common features of Klinefelter’s
infertility, lacks muscular definition, feminised masculine characteristics
who does Turner’s Syndrome affect
1 in 2000 females
what chromosome configuration causes Turner’s syndrome
XO
what are people with Turner’s born with
a vagina and womb but undeveloped ovaries
features of Turner’s syndrome
short/stout build, webbed neck, narrow hips, irregular internal organs, no period
what is the cause for Turner’s
an undeveloped sperm, causes partial female development
disadvantage of Klinefelter’s syndrome
usually causes body dysmorphia, general psychological issues
disadvantages of Turner’s syndrome
physically ‘different’ and ‘disadvantaged’
