Social Learning Theory

Question 1

who proposed SLT

Answer 1

Bandura

Question 2

what does SLT propose about learning

Answer 2

observational learning, observational learning, and copying behaviour without conditioning

we learn from our environment through observation reinforcement and the process of modelling

Question 3

modelling

Answer 3

learning through the observation of other people

Question 4

role modelling

Answer 4

someone with significant importance to an individual

Question 5

3 types of model

Answer 5

live
symbolic
verbal

Question 6

live model

Question 7

symbolic

Answer 7

fictional or real characters displaying certain behaviours through books, online media etc.

Question 8

verbal

Answer 8

verbal instructional models describe explanations or instructions

Question 9

when are models more likely to be imitated

Answer 9

if they are similar to the observers

if they are perceived by the observers as important or prestigious

Question 10

which 3 variables affects imitation

Answer 10

characteristics of the role model
e.g. gender, age and status

characteristics of the observer
e.g. self esteem, self efficacy

the consequences of the behaviour for the model, if they are rewarded or punished

Question 11

who identified the 3 variables which affected imitation

Answer 11

Pennington (1986)

Question 12

vicarious learning

Answer 12

we learn through others’ mistakes or successes

Question 13

vicarious reinforcement

Answer 13

when you imitate the behaviour of someone who has been reinforced for that behaviour

Question 14

vicarious punishment

Answer 14

occurs when the tendency to engage in a behaviour is weakened after having observed the negative consequences for another engaging in that behaviour

Question 15

vicarious extinction

Answer 15

occurs when it is noticed the person being observed engaging in the behaviour is no longer rewarded and so the behaviour that was once imitated stops

Question 16

what are the 4 stages in the SLT process

Answer 16

observation/ attention

retention

motor reproduction

motivation

Question 17

stage 1 of SLT: observation/ attention

Answer 17

learning starts off by paying attention to the model in order to learn from them

Question 18

stage 2 of SLT: retention

Answer 18

the behaviour being modelled needs to be retained by the observer, as the behaviour is usually required to be imitated at a later date

Question 19

stage 3 of SLT: motor reproduction

Answer 19

imitation

Question 20

Stage 4 of SLT: motivation

Answer 20

whether the behaviour continues depends on motivation

Question 21

external/ extrinsic motivation

Answer 21

if the behaviour is rewarded it ill be repeated

Question 22

what years where Bandura’s studies?

Answer 22

1961, 1963 &1965

Question 23

what do we learn by observing role models

Answer 23

we learn how to do things and can predict the likely consequences

Question 24

Bandura 1961 study’s aim

Answer 24

to see whether children would copy the aggression they saw

Question 25

how do the results from Bandura’s 1961 study support SLT?

Answer 25

aggression by the male role model was imitated the most

girls imitated the female more in regards to verbal aggression

did not involve reinforcement of the behaviour and yet it was still imitated

Question 26

Bandura 1963 Study’s aim

Answer 26

looked at modelling of aggression considering real life, film and cartoon

Question 27

Bandura 1963 results

Answer 27

observing filmed aggression will lead to aggressive acts in children

supports SLT as symbolic modelling has been executed

those watching the film showed a lot more aggression then the control group

Question 28

Bandura 1965 reults

Answer 28

behaviour is more likely to be repeated if the model is rewarded

behaviour is less likely to be imitated if the model is punished

Question 29

why might using children weaken Banduras theory?

Answer 29

it cannot be generalised as children are still developing and learning