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MCAT Behavioral Sciences > Social interaction and thinking (BS 9, 10) > Flashcards

Social interaction and thinking (BS 9, 10) Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

ascribed status

A

status given involuntarily due to factors like race and gender

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2
Q

achieved status

A

a status that is gained as a result of one’s effort/choices

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3
Q

master status

A

status by which a person is most identified; usually the most important status

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4
Q

role performance

A

the use of behaviors associated with a given role

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5
Q

role conflict

A

difficulty in satisfying the requirements or expectations of multiple roles

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6
Q

role strain

A

difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements for the same role

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7
Q

primary group

A

interactions are direct, with close bonds providing warm, personal, and intimate relationships to members

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8
Q

secondary group

A

interactions are superficial with few emotional bonds; last for shorter periods of time

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9
Q

gemeinschaft/gesellschaft

A

two groups defined by Ferdinand Tonnies; gemeinschaft=community and gesellschaft=society

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10
Q

SMYLOG

A

used to observe, classify, and measure interactions within a small group; based on idea of three fundamental dimensions of interaction

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11
Q

group conformity

A

individuals will comply with a group’s goals, even when they are in contrast to the individual’s goals

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12
Q

groupthink

A

occurs when members begin to focus solely on ideas generated within the group and ignore outside ideas

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13
Q

network

A

describes observable patterns of social relationships

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14
Q

formal organizations

A

entities that are set up to achieve specific goals and are characterized by having a structure and culture

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15
Q

bureaucracy

A

rational system of political organization, administration, discipline, and control with paid, non-elected officials

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16
Q

iron law of oligarchy

A

democratic/bureaucratic systems tend to shift to being ruled by an elite group

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17
Q

basic model of emotional expression

A

Darwin believed that expression is consistent with theories of evolution and should be similar across culture

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18
Q

appraisal model

A

accepts that there are biologically predetermined expressions once an emotion is experienced, but there are cognitive precursors to emotional expression

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19
Q

social construction model

A

assumes no biological bassi for emotion; states one must be familiar with social norms for a certain emotion to perform the emotional behaviors

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20
Q

display rules

A

culture provides the foundation for behaviors and place expectations of emotion; govern what emotions are expressed

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21
Q

cultural syndrome

A

shared set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, values, and behaviors among members of the same culture that are organized around a central theme

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22
Q

impression management

A

our attempts to influence how others perceive us using three selves: authentic, ideal, and tactical

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23
Q

reciprocal liking

A

people like others better when they believe the other person likes them

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24
Q

amygdala

A

part of the brain that indicates whether something is a threat, when activated it increases aggression

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25
Q

cognitive neoassociation model

A

we are more likely to respond to others aggressively when we are feeling negative emotion

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26
Q

secure attachment

A

occurs when a child has a consistent caregiver and is able to go out and explore knowing there is a secure base to return to; child is upset when caregiver leaves and is comforted when they return

27
Q

avoidant attachment

A

occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed child; child doesn’t show preference between stranger or caregiver and show little distress or relief when caregiver leaves and returns

28
Q

ambivalent attachment

A

occurs when a caregiver has inconsistent responses to child’s distress so the child doesn’t form a secure base; child is distressed when the caregiver leaves but shows a mixed response when they return

29
Q

disorganized attachment

A

child shows no clear pattern of behavior in response to the caregivers absence or presence and is often associated with erratic behavior and social withdrawal by the caregiver

30
Q

phenotypic benefits

A

theory of mate choice that relies on traits that make a potential mate more attractive to the opposite sex

31
Q

sensory bias

A

theory of mate choice involving the development of a trait to match a preexisting preference that exists in the population

32
Q

fisherian or runaway selection

A

theory of mate choice involving positive feedback mechanism in which a particular trait that has no effect or a negative effect on survival becomes more and more exaggerated over time

33
Q

indicator traits

A

theory of mate choice that states traits that signify overall good health increase its attractiveness to mates

34
Q

genetic compatability

A

theory of mate choice that involves the creation of mate pairs that, when combined, have complementary genetics (ex. reducing freq. of recessive genetic disorders)

35
Q

altruism

A

a form of helping behavior in which the person’s intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him or herself

36
Q

empathy-altruism hypothesis

A

an individual helps a person when he or she feels empathy for the other person, regardless of the cost

37
Q

game theory

A

used to explain decision making behavior; game payoffs refer to fitness; hawk dove game is an evolutionary model focused on shared resources

38
Q

components of social perception

A

the perceiver, the target (what the perception is being made about), and the situation

39
Q

primacy effect

A

the idea that first impressions are more important than subsequent impressions; the reverse is the recency effect

40
Q

reliance on central traits

A

individuals tend to organize the perception of others based on traits and personal characteristics that are most relevant to the perceiver

41
Q

implicit personality theory

A

there are sets of assumptions people make about how different types of people, their traits, and behavior are related

42
Q

halo effect

A

cognitive bias in which judgments about a specific aspect of an individual can be affected by one’s overall impression of the individual; attractiveness can produce this effect

43
Q

just-world hypothesis

A

the idea that in a just world good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people

44
Q

self-serving bias

A

individuals will view their own success based on internal factors and view failures based on external factors

45
Q

self-enhancement

A

focuses on the need to maintain self-worth and can be done through internal attribution of successes and external attribution of failures

46
Q

attribution theory

A

the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people’s behavior; dispositional attributions are those that relate to the person, situational attributions relate to features of the surroundings

47
Q

consistency cues

A

consistent behavior of a person over time

48
Q

consensus cues

A

extent to which a person’s behavior differs from others

49
Q

distinctiveness cues

A

extent to which a person engages in similar behavior across a series of scenarios

50
Q

corespondent inference theory

A

focuses on the intentionality of others behavior

51
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

we are generally biased toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions, especially in negative contexts

52
Q

attribute substitution

A

occurs when individuals have to make complex judgments, but substitute a simpler solution or heuristic instead

53
Q

stereotype

A

occurs when attitudes are based on limited and superficial information about a person/group

54
Q

paternalistic stereotype

A

group is looked down upon as inferior

55
Q

contemptuous stereotype

A

group is viewed with resentment or annoyance

56
Q

envious stereotype

A

group is viewed with jealousy

57
Q

admiration stereotype

A

group is viewed with pride or other positive feelings

58
Q

self-fulfilling prophecy

A

stereotypes may lead to expectations of people, which can create conditions that lead to the confirmation of those expectations

59
Q

stereotype threat

A

the concept of people being concerned or anxious about confirming a negative stereotype

60
Q

prejudice

A

irrational positive or negative attitude toward a person/group prior to an actual experience with the entity

61
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the practice of making judgments about other cultures based on the values and beliefs of ones own culture

62
Q

cultural relativism

A

the perception of another culture as different from one’s own; does not imply superiority

63
Q

discrimination

A

occurs when prejudicial attitudes cause individuals of a group to be treated differently than others

MCAT Behavioral Sciences (10 decks)

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