Brain and behavior (BS 1)

Question 1

sensory neurons

Answer 1

aka afferent neurons; transmit from receptors to the spinal cord

Question 2

motor neurons

Answer 2

aka efferent neurons; transmit from the brain/spinal cord to the muscles/glands

Question 3

interneurons

Answer 3

most numerous located mainly in brain/spinal cord; linked to reflexive behavior

Question 4

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 4

composed of brain and spinal cord

Question 5

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 5

composed of nerve tissue and fibers, connects the CNS to the rest of the body; subdivided into autonomic and somatic

Question 6

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 6

involuntary branch of the PNS, controls involuntary function (ex. HR, temp, digestion); subdivided into parasympathetic and sympathetic

Question 7

somatic nervous system

Answer 7

voluntary branch of the PNS, consists of sensory and motor neurons used to control body movement

Question 8

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

subset of ANS, activated by stress, controls fight-or-flight response, increase HR and blood flow to muscle, decrease digestion, dilate eyes, release epinephrine

Question 9

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

subset of ANS, conserves energy and is associated with rest/sleep, reduce HR, constrict pupils, release acetylcholine

Question 10

limbic system

Answer 10

associated with emotion and memory, includes septal nuclei, amygdala, hippocampus

Question 11

thalamus

Answer 11

located in forebrain, relay station for incoming sensory information, sends info to cerebral cortex

Question 12

hypothalamus

Answer 12

regulates homeostatic functions; Feeding, Fighting, Flighting, (sex) Function; divided into lateral, ventromedial, and anterior

Question 13

lateral hypothalamus (LH)

Answer 13

triggers eating and drinking

Question 14

ventromedial hypothalamus (VH)

Answer 14

satiety center, provides signals to stop eating

Question 15

anterior hypothalamus

Answer 15

controls sexual behavior

Question 16

posterior pituitary

Answer 16

releases hypothalamic hormones (ADH and oxytocin)

Question 17

pineal gland

Answer 17

secretes melatonin, important in biological rhythms

Question 18

basal ganglia

Answer 18

maintains steady posture and smooth movement; common illnesses: parkinsons, schizophrenia, OCD

Question 19

amygdala

Answer 19

part of the limbic system associated with aggression and fear

Question 20

hippocampus

Answer 20

part of the limbic system involved in learning and memory

Question 21

anterograde amnesia

Answer 21

inability to establish new long-term memories

Question 22

retrograde amnesia

Answer 22

memory loss of events from before a brain injury

Question 23

neurulation (prenatal)

Answer 23

ectoderm furrows over the notochord, forming the neural crest and neural tube

Question 24

primitive reflexes

Answer 24

disappear with age; includes rooting reflex, Moro reflex, Babinski reflex, and grasping reflex

Question 25

developmental milestones

Answer 25

gross motor skills progress from head to toe and from the core outward
social skills start off parent-oriented, then self-oriented, then other-oriented