Psychological disorders (BS 7)

Question 1

biomedical approach

Answer 1

approach that considers only pathophysiological causes and offers medical solutions

Question 2

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 2

approach that considers conditions ad treatments to be dependent on biological, psychological, and social causes; direct and indirect therapy

Question 3

schizophrenia

Answer 3

a psychotic disorder characterized by gross distortions of reality and disturbances in perception and behavior; includes positive and negative symptoms

Question 4

positive symptoms

Answer 4

behaviors and thoughts added to normal behavior; includes delusions, hallucinations, thought broadcasting/insertion, disorganized thought/behavior

Question 5

negative symptoms

Answer 5

involve absence of normal behavior; includes disturbances in affect like blunting, flattening, or inappropriate affect, also includes avolition (decreased engagement in goal directed activity)

Question 6

prodromal phase

Answer 6

the phase before schizophrenia diagnosis involving clear evidence of deterioration, withdrawal, odd behavior, and inappropriate affect

Question 7

major depressive disorder

Answer 7

a mood disorder characterized by at least one major depressive episode (2wks with 5 sx)

Question 8

persistent depressive disorder

Answer 8

a diagnosis for individuals who suffer from dysthymia, a depressed mood that’s not severe enough to be a major depressive episode, for at least 2 years

Question 9

bipolar disorders

Answer 9

a mood disorder characterized by both depression and mania; Bipolar I has manic episodes w/wo major depressive episodes, Bipolar II has hypomania with at least one major depressive episode

Question 10

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 10

a disorder that consists of hypomanic episodes and periods of dyshtymia

Question 11

monoamine/catecholamine theory of depression

Answer 11

states too much norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse leads to mania and too little leads to depression

Question 12

generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 12

disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things

Question 13

specific phobia

Answer 13

anxiety is produced by a specific object or situation

Question 14

social anxiety disorder

Answer 14

characterized by anxiety that is due to social situations

Question 15

agoraphobia

Answer 15

anxiety disorder characterized by fear of being in places or situations where it might be hard to escape

Question 16

panic disorder

Answer 16

disorder that consists of repeated panic attacks; frequently accompanied by agoraphobia

Question 17

obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 17

characterized by obsessions, which produce tension, and compulsions that relieve tension

Question 18

body dysmorphic disorder

Answer 18

when someone has n unrealistic negative evaluation of their personal appearance

Question 19

PTSD

Answer 19

occurs after witnessing/experiencing a traumatic event and consists of intrusion, avoidance, negative, and arousal symptoms

Question 20

dissociative amnesia

Answer 20

inability to recall past experiences

Question 21

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 21

aka multiple personality; when there are two or more personalities that recurrently take control of a person’s behavior

Question 22

depersonalization or derealization disorder

Answer 22

person feels detached from their own mind/body or from their surroundings

Question 23

personality disorder

Answer 23

a pattern of behavior that is inflexible and maladaptive, causing distress or impaired functioning in cognition, emotion, interpersonal function, or impulse control; 3 clusters

Question 24

Cluster A

Answer 24

marked by behavior labeled as odd/eccentric (weird); includes paranoid, schizotypal, and schizoid

Question 25

Cluster B

Answer 25

marked by behavior that is labeled dramatic, emotional, or erratic (wild); includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic

Question 26

Cluster C

Answer 26

marked by behavior that is labeled as anxious (worried); includes avoidant, dependent, or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Question 27

biological basis of schizophrenia

Answer 27

associated with excess dopamine; treat with neuroleptics to block dopamine receptors

Question 28

biological basis of depression

Answer 28

involves high glucose metabolism in amygdala, hippocampal atrophy, high levels of cortisol, and decreased norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

Question 29

biological basis of bipolar disorders

Answer 29

increased norepinephrine and serotonin, higher risk if parent diagnosed or if person has multiple sclerosis

Question 30

alzheimer’s disease

Answer 30

a type of dementia characterized by gradual memory loss, disorientation to time and place, problems with abstract thought, and a tendency to misplace things

Question 31

biological basis of alzheimer’s

Answer 31

atrophy of brain, reduced acetylcholine and the enzyme that produces it, plaques of misfolded protein

Question 32

parkinson’s disease

Answer 32

characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, pill-rolling tremor, static facial expression, cogwheel rigidity, and shuffling gait; commonly seen with dementia

Question 33

biological basis of parkinson’s

Answer 33

decreased dopamine in the substantia nigra leading to improper functioning of the basal ganglia; treat with L-DOPA