Social Interaction Flashcards
a position in society used to classify individuals
status
status:
involuntarily assigned to an individual based on race, ethnicity, gender, family background, and so on
ascribed status
status:
voluntarily earned by an individual
achieved status
status:
the status by which an individual is primarily identified
master status
a set of beliefs, values, and norms that define the expectations of a certain status in a social situation
role
role:
refers to carrying out the behaviors of a given role
role performance
role:
a person with whom one is interacting who helps define the roles within the relationship
role partner
role:
contains all of the different roles associated with a status
role set
role:
occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying the requirements of multiple roles simultaneously
role conflict
role:
occurs when one has difficulty in satisfying multiple requirements of the same role simultaneously
role strain
made up of two or more individuals with similar characteristics that share a sense of unity
groups
group:
a self-selected group formed around similar interests, ages, or statuses
peer group
group:
the group into which an individual is born, adopted, or married
family group
group:
a social group with which a person experiences a sense of belonging or identifies as a member
in-group
group:
a social group with which an individual does not identify
out-group
group:
occurs when an out-group competes with or opposes an in-group
group conflict
group:
a group to which an individual compares him- or herself
reference group
group:
groups that contain strong, emotional bonds
primary groups
group:
groups that are often temporary and contain fewer emotional bonds and weaker bonds overall
secondary groups
group:
a group unified by feelings of togetherness due to shared beliefs, ancestry, or geography
gemeinschaft (community)
group:
a group unified by mutual self-interests in achieving a goal
gesselschaft (society)
group:
occurs when members begin to conform to one another’s views without critical evaluation
groupthink
an observable pattern of social relationships between individuals or groups
network
bodies of people with a structure and culture designed to achieve specific goals
organization
model of emotional expression:
states that there are universal emotions, along with corresponding expressions that can be understood across cultures
basic model
model of emotional expression:
states that emotions are solely based on the situational context of social interactions
social construction model
unspoken rules that govern the expression of emotion
display rules
a shared set of beliefs, norms, values, and behaviors organized around a central theme, as is found among people sharing the same language and geography
cultural syndrome
refers to the maintenance of a public image, which is accomplished through various strategies
impression management
strategy of impression management:
sharing factual information
self-disclosure
strategy of impression management:
refers to using props, appearance, emotional expression, or associations to create a positive image
managing appearances
strategy of impression management:
using flattery or conformity to win over someone else
ingratiation
strategy of impression management:
the use of excuses to account for questionable behavior
aligning actions
strategy of impression management:
imposing an identity onto another person
alter-casting
says that individuals create images of themselves in the same way that actors perform a role in front of an audience
dramaturgical approach
dramaturgical approach:
where the individual is seen by the audience and strives to preserve his desired image
front stage
dramaturgical approach:
where the individual is not in front of the audience and is free to act outside of his desired image
back stage
the ability to convey information by speech, writing, signals, or behavior
communication
communication:
the conveyance of information through spoken, written, or signed words
verval communication
communication:
the conveyance of information by means other than the use of words, such as body language, prosody, facial expressions, and gestures
nonverbal communication
communication:
takes place not only between nonhuman animals, but between humans and other animals as well; animals use body language, rudimentary facial expressions, visual displays, scents, and vocalization to communicate
animal communication
