Social Institutions

Question 1

Aristocracies

Answer 1

rules by elite citizens (noble births)

Question 2

meritocracies

Answer 2

ruled by meritorious, like a record of meaningful social contribution

Question 3

Autocratic governments

Answer 3

controlled by a single person or selective small grip, with absolute decision power

Question 4

dictatorship

Answer 4

ruled by one person

Question 5

fascist government

Answer 5

ruled by a small group of leaders

Question 6

monarchic governments

Answer 6

controlled by a single person or selective small group, who inherited their leadership role (kings or queens)

Question 7

Authoritarian government

Answer 7

unelected leaders; public have some individual freedom but no control over representation

Question 8

Totalitarianism

Answer 8

unelected leaders, and no freedom

Question 9

democratic government

Answer 9

elected leaders; public has some degree of political decision-making power

Question 10

direct democracies

Answer 10

government in which there is direct public participation

Question 11

representative democracies

Answer 11

governments in which there is indirect public participation through election of representative

Question 12

oligarchic governments

Answer 12

leader can be elected or unelected; public may have power to elect but no influence in decision making and social change

Question 13

republican government

Answer 13

consider their country to be public concern so democratic in nature, so people have supreme power

Question 14

federalist government

Answer 14

governing representative head that share oiwer with constituent groups

Question 15

parliamentary governments

Answer 15

executive and legislative branches that are interconnected

Question 16

presidential government

Answer 16

organizing branches, head of state

Question 17

anarchy

Answer 17

societies without a public government

Question 18

command economies/planned economies

Answer 18

economic decisions are based on a plan of production and means of productions are often public (state-owned)

Question 19

market economies

Answer 19

economic decisions are based on the market (supply and demand) and means of production is private

Question 20

mixed economies

Answer 20

blend of command and market economies with both public and private ownership

Question 21

traditional economies

Answer 21

social customs in economic decisions

Question 22

capitalism

Answer 22

economic system in which resources and production are mainly privately owned, goods/services are produced for profit

Question 23

socialism

Answer 23

economic system where resources and production are collectively owned

Question 24

communism

Answer 24

a specific socialist structure where ownership of the means of production, but lack classes, currencies and state

Question 25

welfare capitalism

Answer 25

system in which most of the economy is private with the exception of extensive social welfare programs

Question 26

state capitalism

Answer 26

system in which companies are privately run but work with the government in forming laws and regulation

Question 27

professions

Answer 27

esteemed white collar occupations that require special education

Question 28

mechanical solidarity

Answer 28

allows society to remain integrated because individuals have common beliefs that lead to each person having same fundamentals

Question 29

organic solidarity

Answer 29

allows society to integrate through division of labor, which leads to each person having a different personal experience

Question 30

medical model of disease

Answer 30

emphasis of physical or medical factors as being the cause of all illness

Question 31

medicalization

Answer 31

the process where conditions become reconceptualized as disease with a medical diagnosis and treatment

Question 32

social model of disease

Answer 32

emphasize the effect one’s social class has on personal health

Question 33

social epidemiology

Answer 33

study how social organization contributes to prevalence of disease

Question 34

food desert

Answer 34

area where healthy food is hard to obtain

Question 35

illness experience

Answer 35

takes the patient’s subjective experience of illness as its main concern

Question 36

Functions of a family

Answer 36

1) reproduction and monitoring sexual behavior
2) protection
3) socialization
4) affection and companionship
5) social status

Question 37

Kinship

Answer 37

Related by blood or very close friends

Question 38

Secularization

Answer 38

the process through which religion loses its social significance

Question 39

Fundamentalism

Answer 39

Strong attachment to traditional religious beliefs and practices and adherence to basic religious doctrines