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Psych/Soc MCAT > Culture, Demographics, and Social Inequality > Flashcards

Culture, Demographics, and Social Inequality Flashcards

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1
Q

material culture

A

physical objects

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2
Q

non-material culture

A

social thoughts/ideas, like values

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3
Q

popular culture

A

features of culture that appeal to the masses

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4
Q

high culture

A

describes features often limited to consumption of the elite

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5
Q

values

A

culture’s standard for evaluating what is good or bad

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6
Q

beliefs

A

convictions or principles that people hold

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7
Q

norms

A

visible and invisible rules of social conduct

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8
Q

cultural competence

A

effective interaction between people from different culture

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9
Q

culture shock

A

disorientation as a result of an individual being subjected to alternative cultures

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10
Q

sociocultural evolution

A

set of theories describing the processes through which societies and culture have progressed over time

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11
Q

crude birth rate

A

annual number of births per 1000 people in a population

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12
Q

crude death rate

A

same as CBR but for death

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13
Q

rate of population change

A

difference between CBR and CDR

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14
Q

age-specific birth/death rate

A

annual number of births or deaths per 1000 person in age group

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15
Q

general fertility rate

A

annual number of births per 1000 women in a population

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16
Q

total fertility rate

A

total number births per single woman in a population

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17
Q

replacement fertility rate

A

fertility rate at which the population will remain balanced

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18
Q

sub-replacement fertility rate

A

where death exceed birth leading to unsustainability

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19
Q

population momentum

A

period of where high fertility rate leading to those children reproducing

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20
Q

mortality

A

death rate in a population

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21
Q

morbidity

A

refers to nature and extent of disease in a population

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22
Q

case fatality rate

A

measures of death as the result of set of diagnosis or procedure

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23
Q

external migration

A

referred to as cross-border/international movement

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24
Q

internal migration

A

movement within country

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25
Q

involuntary migration/forced migration

A

movement due to external factors that pose a threat to the individual in their original environment

26
Q

colonization

A

migration to settled areas in which dominance is exerted over a foreign state

27
Q

push factors

A

negative factors of the original environment that lead to migration

28
Q

pull factors

A

appealing aspects of target country that leads to migration to that country

29
Q

urban sprawl

A

migration of people from urban areas to otherwise remote areas

30
Q

urban blight

A

less functioning areas of large cities degrade as a result of urban decline

31
Q

gentrification

A

renovation of urban areas in a process of urban renewal

32
Q

social aging

A

biological changes in a multidimensional process in which individuals experience complex emotional and social changes

33
Q

gender roles

A

describes the social and behavioral expectations for men and women

34
Q

gender expression

A

external manifestation of these roles

35
Q

gender schema theory

A

study of how gender beliefs become socialized in a society

36
Q

race

A

description of a distinct social group based on certain shared characteristic

37
Q

ethnicity

A

cultural rather than biological

38
Q

ethnogenesis

A

social process that results in the creation of separate ethnicities

39
Q

racialization/ethnicization

A

social process in which the dominant group ascribes racial or ethnic identities to a group that do not relate to those labels

40
Q

heteronromative beliefs

A

enforce strict gender roles and involves prejudice and discrimination against non-heterosexual individuals

41
Q

globalization

A

the process of the increasing interdependence of societies and connections between people across the world

42
Q

economic interdependence

A

division of labor on a global scale

43
Q

outsourcing

A

the contracting of third parties for specific operations

44
Q

relative deprivation

A

conscious experience of individual or group that do not have the resources needed for the social experiences and services that’s are seen as appropriate to their social position

45
Q

social stratification

A

the way that people are categorized in society

46
Q

meritocracy

A

stratification system that uses merit (personal effort) to establish social standing

47
Q

socioeconomic status (SES)

A

terms of power (ability to get other people to do something), property (sum f possessions and income), and prestige (reputation in society)

48
Q

social mobility

A

ability to move up or down within the social stratification system

49
Q

intrageneration mobility

A

difference in social class between different members of the same generation

50
Q

social reproduction

A

the structures and activities in place in a society that serve to transmit and reinforce social inequality from one general to the next

51
Q

cultural capital

A

non-financial social assets that promote social mobility

52
Q

social capital

A

potential for social network to allow for upward social mobility

53
Q

global stratification

A

compares wealth, economic stability, and power of various countries

54
Q

relative poverty

A

inability to meet the average standard of living within

55
Q

absolute poverty

A

inability to meet a bare minimum of basic necessities

56
Q

marginal poverty

A

lack of stable employment

57
Q

structural poverty

A

due to underlying and pervasive effects of the society’s institutions

58
Q

health care disparities

A

the population-specific difference in the presence of disease, health outcomes, and quality of health care across difference social groups

59
Q

gender bias

A

when women and men receive different treatment for the same disease or illness

60
Q

gender bias

A

when women and men receive different treatment for the same disease or illness

61
Q

Racial Formation perspective

A

The idea that race is a social construct

Psych/Soc MCAT (9 decks)

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