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GCSE Psychology > Social Infuences > Flashcards

Social Infuences Flashcards

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1
Q

What is conformity?

A

A form of social influence. It occurs when a person’s behaviour or thinking changes as a result of group pressure.

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2
Q

What is Normative social influence?

A

Conforming because you want to be liked

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3
Q

What is Informational social influence?

A

Conforming to get the answer ‘right’

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4
Q

What was the aim of Asch’s study?

A

Asch set out to investigate how people respond to group pressure. He chose to test this in a situation where the answer was clearly wrong (unambiguous) to see if even then people are influenced by what others think.

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5
Q

What was the method of Asch’s study?

A

123 American males(the naïve participants). The others were called the confederates. The naïve participants were tested in a group of of between 6 and 8. The naïve participants thought the other participants were real. The participants were asked which lone)A,B or C) matched the original line X.

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6
Q

What was the results of Asch’s study?

A

On the 12 trials participants gave the wrong 36.8% of the time.
25% of participants never gave the wrong answer.
75% of the participant conformed at least once.

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7
Q

What was the conclusion is Asch’s study?

A

The results show that people are influenced by group pressure even when involved in a task that has clear cut answers.

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8
Q

What are some social factors that can effect conformity?

A

Group size,
Task difficulty,
Anonymity

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9
Q

What are some dispositional factors that effect conformity?

A

Personality,

Expertise

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10
Q

How does group size affect conformity?

A

The bigger the group the higher chance of conformity.

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11
Q

How does Task difficulty affect conformity?

A

The more difficult the task the more likely you are to conform

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12
Q

How does anonymity affect conformity?

A

If not anonymous you are more likely to conform

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13
Q

How does expertise affect conformity?

A

The greater your expertise the less likely you are to conform.

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14
Q

What is locus of control?

A

The sense we each have about what directs events in our lives. Internals believe they are mostly responsible for what happens to them, externals believe it is mainly a matter of luck or other outside factors.

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15
Q

What is the aim of Milgram’s study of obedience?

A

In citation circumstances a normal person would give somebody a potentially lethal shock if told to by an authority figure

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16
Q

What is the method of Milgram’s study of obedience?

A

He recruited 40 American males,
A confederate ended up as the learner (always),
The participant could leave at any time,
The shocks weren’t real but the teacher didn’t know it,

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17
Q

What is the results of Milgram’s study of obedience?

A

No participant stopped below 300 volts, five stopped at 300 volts, 65% of people went to the full 450 volts

18
Q

What is a social factor?

A

You obey because there are features of your surroundings that make you feel stronger pressure from other people

19
Q

What is an example of a social factor?

A

An authority figure

20
Q

What is a dispositional factor?

A

You obey because you have a more obedient personality and are very aware of your position in the social hierarchy

21
Q

What is the agency theory?

A

It explains obedience in terms of whether a individual imps making their own free will choices or acting as an agent for an authority figure

22
Q

What are the 2 states and the shift called?

A

Autonomous state,
Agentic shift,
Agentic state

23
Q

What are 3 social factors that may have affected whether people were obedient in Milgram’s study?

A

Authority,
Culture,
Proximity

24
Q

What type of thinking did Adorno say authoritarian people had?

A

Cognitive style

25
Q

What did authoritarian people do with anger and threatening emotion?

A

Scapegoating

26
Q

What is diffusion of responsibility?

A

When there are lots of people around, people are less helpful

27
Q

What is bystander behaviour?

A

People are less likely to help if there are other bystanders

28
Q

What is prosocial behaviour?

A

Acting in a way that promotes the welfare of others

29
Q

What was the aim of Pillavin’s subway study?

A

To investigate if certain characteristics of a victim would affect whether people help a bystander in a natural setting

30
Q

What was the method of Pillavin’s subway study?

A

A confederate was the ‘victim’ and was always male. On 38 trials the ‘victim’ smelt of alcohol and on 65 trials the ‘victim’ had a cane (appearing disabled)
Another confederate was the model if no one else helped

31
Q

What was the results of Pillavin’s subway study?

A

The disabled person was helped on 95% of the time,
The drunk was only helped 50% of the time,
87% of the disabled victims were helped in the first 70 seconds
17% of the drunk victims were helped in the first 70 seconds

32
Q

What was the conclusion of Pillavin’s subway study?

A

The characteristics of the victim make a difference to whether they receive help,
In a natural setting the number of people who whiteness the emergency doesn’t effect their willingness to help

33
Q

What is a social factor?

A

Explanations in terms of the social world around you

34
Q

What is a dispositional factor?

A

Explanations of behaviour in terms of an individuals personality

35
Q

What are examples of social factors?

A

Presence of others,

Cost of help

36
Q

What are examples of dispositional factors?

A

Similarity to victim,

Expertise

37
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

A psychological state in which a person losses their personality

38
Q

What is prosocial behaviour?

A

Behaviour that benefits other people

39
Q

What is antisocial behaviour?

A

Behaviour which is harmful to others

40
Q

What social factors are in crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Social loafing,
Culture,
Evaluation

41
Q

What dispositional factors are in crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Personality,
Morality,
Evaluation

42
Q

What is social loafing?

A

Individuals make a reduced effort when in a group

GCSE Psychology (11 decks)

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