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Psychology > Social influence > Flashcards

Social influence Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of conformity

A

change in belief or behaviour to real or imagined social pressure

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2
Q

Types of social influence

A
  1. Compliance - public agreement, private disagreement. Temporary.
  2. Internationalisation - public and private change. Permanent.
  3. Identification - conform to social role
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3
Q

Explanations of conformity

A
  1. Normative
    - to fit in
    - new people
    - emotional
    - leads to compliance
  2. Informational
    - to be correct
    - new situation
    - cognitive
    - leads to internalisation
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4
Q

Variables affecting conformity

A
  1. group size - Asch altered number of confederates. 2 - 13.6% vs. 3 - 32.8%
  2. unanimity - if all were in agreement, conformity dropped by up to 80%
  3. task difficulty - conformity increased, looking to others for confirmation
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5
Q

Asch’s study

A
  • 123 participants
  • 12/18 critical trials
  • standard vs. comparison lines
  • 6-8 confederates
  • 75% conformed at least once
  • conformed in 32% of trials
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6
Q

Asch - evaluation

A
  1. sampling issues - women and time
  2. ethical issues
  3. supports NSI
  4. supports ISI
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7
Q

Stanford prison experiment -procedure

A

converted basement
advertised
randomly assigned to roles
issued uniforms

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8
Q

Stanford prison experiment - findings

A

adjusted to roles very quickly
adopted prisoner behaviour
became submissive
guards made new rules (rewarding some)

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9
Q

Stanford prison experiment - evaluation

A
  1. personality had no effect - randomly assigned
  2. ethical problems - protection from harm
  3. lacks ecological validity - couldn’t be totally realistic (but 90% of conversation)
  4. very high control
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10
Q

Obedience definition

A

following an order from an authority figure

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11
Q

Milgram - procedure

A

obey a legitimate authority to harm another human being
2 participants (assigned to teacher or learner)
memory task - shock if wrong
30 - 450V

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12
Q

Milgram - results

A

All went to 300V

65% went to 450V

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13
Q

Milgram - prods

A
  1. please continue
  2. experiment requires
  3. absolutely essential
  4. no other choice
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14
Q

Milgram - evaluation

A
  1. Lacks ecological validity
  2. standardised procedure
  3. biased sample
  4. unethical
  5. replicability
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15
Q

Obedience - situational

A
  1. Uniform - lab coat vs. casual clothes
  2. Location - Yale vs. rundown office (dropped by 17%)
  3. Proximity - same room (40%), touch plate (30%) and telephone (20.5%)
    EV - high control, Bickman, DC risk and biased sample
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16
Q

Obedience - social psychological factors

A

Agentic state - feel less responsibility. Carrying out the work of others.
Legitimacy of authority - authority figures have right to exercise power. Agreed social hierarchies.
EV - Hofling et al, explains Nazi behaviour, supported in Milgram, research support (asks about responsibility)

17
Q

Obedience - dispositional factors

A

Adorno
- unquestionably follows orders
- inflexible outlook
- conventional attitudes
- excessive respect for high status
Origins - harsh parenting (of discipline and criticism)
EV - Milgram support, problem with fascism, genetics contribute too

18
Q

Resistance to social influence - LOC

A

Locus of control - internal (achievement oriented) vs external (fate and destiny)
EV - Twenge et al found we are less obedient but more external. Repeated Milgram (more internals didn’t obey)

19
Q

Resistance to social influence - social support

A

presence of dissenter - lowers conformity

EV - controlled lab but artificial

20
Q

Minority influence - factors

A
  1. consistency - maintaining views over time
  2. flexibility - seen as reasonable and willing to compromise
  3. commitment - sacrifices for your beliefs (people take you seriously)
21
Q

Minority influence - Moscovici

A 
6 people (2 confederates)
shown 36 'blue' slides
1. consistent - 8.42%
2. inconsistent - 1.25%
3. control - 0.25%
22
Q

Minority influence - evaluation

A
  1. Martin et al - minority and majority groups
  2. support for consistency
  3. limited IRL applications
  4. artificial - DC
23
Q

Social change

A
  1. drawing attention
  2. consistency
  3. augmentation
  4. snowball effect
  5. social crypto - amnesia

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