Social Influence

Question 1

name the 3 types conformity

Answer 1

internationalisation, identification, compliance

Question 2

define internationalisation

Answer 2

internationalisation occurs when a person genuinely accepts the social norms, leads to a permanent behaviour change and they act the same in public and private

Question 3

define identification

Answer 3

when you confirm to the opinions/ behaviours of a group because there is something about that group we value. when we identify with the group and therefor want to be apart of it. this means that our public behaviour may change but our private thoughts and behaviour won’t ( behaviour change is therefore only temporary)

Question 4

define compliance

Answer 4

the type of conformity involves simply going along with others in public to gain acceptance and avoid disapproval but privately not changing personal opinions and or behaviour

Question 5

define informal social influence

Answer 5

the need to be right, it is a cognitive mental process

Question 6

define normative social influence

Answer 6

the need to be liked

Question 7

what did the research on ISI carried out by jenness in 1993 show

Answer 7

shows that when put into groups individuals change their opinions to match the groups opinions

Question 8

how could the jenness study be exhibiting ISI

Answer 8

if people are changing their individual opinion to the group opinion this exhibits ISI because they are showing the behaviour of needing to be right

Question 9

what does the research on ISI and NSI carried out by Asch show

Answer 9

showed the Asch effect of 75% of participants conforming even though the answer was obvious

Question 10

what’s the Asch effect

Answer 10

when the answers unambiguous and they still conform

Question 11

name the two explanations for conformity

Answer 11

NSI and ISI

Question 12

name 3 variables within conformity

Answer 12

group size, unambiguity, task difficulty

Question 13

define group size as a variable

Answer 13

group size is insinuating that the more people present with a different opinion the more likely you are to change your opinion to theirs

Question 14

define unambiguity as a variable

Answer 14

the idea of a group being in complete agreement would increase levels of conformity

Question 15

define task difficulty as a variable

Answer 15

the idea that making a task more difficult will increase the levels of conformity- suggests that ISI plays a large role when a task becomes more difficult

Question 16

Describe Asch’s study

Answer 16

the line study, confederates gave the wrong answer when determining the length of the line therefor influencing true participants.

Question 17

define an agentic state

Answer 17

 when a person acts on behalf of an authority figure/person of higher status
 the actor feels no personal responsibility/does not feel guilty for their actions

Question 18

define an autonomous state

Answer 18

in which people act according to their own principles

Question 19

reasons why we may conform

Answer 19

normative social influence, informational social influence,, accept types of conformity, accept variables affecting conformity as reasons, accept the concept of external locus of control

Question 20

psychologists involved in social influence

Answer 20

Sherif (1935), Asch (1951), Anderson et al (1992), Baron, Vandello & Brunsman (1996), Zimbardo (1973)

Question 21

explain the Zimbardo study

Answer 21

based around the behaviour in prisons- looks at if prison guards have sadistic personalities or if their environment creates them

Question 22

define obedience

Answer 22

a form of social influence in which an individual follows a direct order

Question 23

what inspired milligrams studies

Answer 23

wanted an explanation for the german guard’s behaviour in the concentration camps

Question 24

results from Milgrams study

Answer 24

65% continued to the highest level of 450 volts, 84% felt glad they participated.

Question 25

name the situational variables identified by Milgram

Answer 25

proximity, location, uniform

Question 26

name the social-psychological factors investigated by Milgram

Answer 26

agentic state, legitimacy of authority

Question 27

define the legitimacy of authority

Answer 27

an explanation for obedience that suggests we are more likely to obey people who we perceive to have authority over us, justified through the social hierarchy.

Question 28

who proposed the idea of the authoritarian personality

Answer 28

Adorno

Question 29

define authoritarian personality

Answer 29

A.P was a result of a negative style of parenting that resulted in the child having anger towards their parent but being unable to take it out on them they take their anger out on the vulnerable “below them”- considered a psychological disorder

Question 30

define LOC

Answer 30

(Rotter), concept concerned with internal control vs external control. internals believe they are responsible for what happens to them externals believe others control what happens to them

Question 31

people with an internal LOC are more likely to what

Answer 31

be resistant to obedience

Question 32

3 factors involved with minority influence becoming the majority

Answer 32

consistency, commitment, flexibility

Question 33

define consistency as a factor of the minority becoming the majority

Answer 33

if the minority adopt a consistent approach, others come to reassesses to the situation and consider the issue more carefully

Question 34

define commitment as a factor of the minority becoming the majority

Answer 34

it’s considered more difficult to dismiss a minority when it adopts an uncompromising and consistent commitment to its position - suggests confidence in their cause.

Question 35

define flexibility as a factor of the minority becoming the majority

Answer 35

as minorities are typically powerless compared to the majority, they must negotiate their position with the majority rather than try to enforce it.

Question 36

research for consistency

Answer 36

Moscovici et al. 1969

Question 37

what statistics support group size as a variable to conformity

Answer 37

research shows in a group of 3 confederates conformity rises to 32%,