Social influence Flashcards
Fill in the blanks- “Conformity is the _____ in a persons behaviour or _____, as a result of real or _____ pressure from a _____ of people or an _____”
change, opinions, imagined, group, individual
Define compliance
The lowest level of conformity, someones public behaviour changes but not their private beliefs.
How long does compliance last?
Short-term
Define identification
The middle level of conformity, somebodies public and private behavior changes, but only while they are in the presence of a group.
How long does identification last?
Short-term
Define internalisation
This is the deepest level of conformity, this is when a person changes their public and private behaviour.
How long does internalisation last?
Long-term
What is the key term for this definition: ‘We agree with the opinion of the majority because we believe it is correct, and we accept is because we want to be right too’.
Informational social influence
What is the key term to match this definition: ‘We agree with opinion of a group because we want to be accepted, gain social approval and be liked’.
Normative social influence
Who conducted the study based on teenagers smoking? And what type of influence was this showing?
Linkenbach and Perkins (2003)
Normative social influence
Who conducted the study to show that normative influence could be used to help the environment?
Schitz (2008)
What conducted the study about social stereotypes? And what type of social influence did this support?
Wittenbrink and Henley (1996)
Informational social influence
What was Nolan’s study about? (NSI may not be detected)
Individuals own perception on energy conservation and their neighbours
When did Asch complete his study?
1956
How many p’s did Asch have partake?
123
Give 3 key features of Asch’s p’s?
Male, students, all from USA
What did the P’s believe they were taking part in?
Vision test
Who many confederates were in the room with 1 naive participant?
7-9
Where did the naive participant sit?
Second from last
How many trials were there all together and how many trials did the confederates give the incorect asnwer on?
18 and 12
What were the trials called where the confederates all gave the incorrect answer?
Critical trials
Fill in the missing percentage; Asch founf that real participants conformed to ____ of the critical trials?
32%
What percentage of participants conformed in at least one of the critical trials?
74%
What percentages of participants didnt conform at all?
26%
Give Asch’s three variations?
Group size, unanimity, task difficulty
Was the result effected in the variation of group size?
Hardly, only in 1 case conformity rose to 31.8% with three confederates
Was the result effected when the participants had another person not going with the answer of the majority?
Yes, conformity was raised by a quater
What the result effected when task difficulty was increased?
Yes, Conformity increased
Why did conformity increase when the task got more difficult?
Becasue ISI plays a greater roles when a task is harder. The situation is more ambigious and therefore more likely to look to others for guidance.
What did Perrin and Spencer do that supported the therot that Asch’s study was a ‘child of its time’?
They conducted a study that was the same as the original with engineering students. Out of the whole 396 trials only 1 student conformed.
Why is it theorised that Perrin and Spencer got that result/
- Maybe becuase engineering students are more confident about measuring lines
- It is also possible that 1950’s America was a most conformist time and therefore social norms were strongly established.
Why is Asch’s study being described as a ‘child of its time’ a limitation?
Because the ‘Asch effect’ was not consistant through all situations, and therefore isnt a fundamental feature of human behaviour
Why is Asch’s study being a lab experiment a limitation to his research?
Participants were aware that they were taking take in somesort of experiment an therefore may have merely gone along with what they though they had to do (demand characteristics).
What research supports the limitation that Asch’s research has weak applications to findings?
Sheridan and King’s- Women are more likely to conform
Bond and Smith- the USA is an individulistic culture, but studies carried out on collectivist cultures (like China) have found conformity rates to be higher.
