Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

1
Q

What are the evaluation points for the Authoritarian personality?

A

+) Research support
C.P -> Correlation is not causation
-) social context
-) differences between authoritarian and obedient ppts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is research support a strength of Authoritarian Personality?

A

P - research evidence supports link between authoritarianism and obedience
Ev - Elms and Milgram (1966) found highly obedient participants scored higher on measures of authoritarianism
Ex - suggests strong authoritarian personality may increase one’s likelihood to follow orders without questioning
L - study reinforces idea that authoritarian traits can predispose individuals to disobedient behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is correlation not causation a counter of research support for authoritarian personality?

A

P - The link between authoritarianism and obedience may not imply causation
Ev - Middendorp and Meloen (1990) found less-educated people tend to score higher in authoritarianism and obedience
Ex - suggests education rather than authoritarian personality alone, could influence obedience levels
L - indicates other factors like education could contribute to obedience beyond authoritarian traits alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the role of social context a limitation of Authoritarian personality

A

P - Social context might be more influential than personality traits in determining obedience
Ev - Milgram (1974) noted that changes in situational factors significantly affected obedience rates in his experiments
Ex - findings indicates that environmental factors like authority figures and situational context play a major role in shaping obedience, perhaps more than personality
L - this challenges the emphasis on Authoritarianism, suggesting obedience can be situationally driven rather than rooted solely in personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are differences between authoritarian and obedient participants a limitation?

A

P - there are differences between authoritarian and obedient participants
Ev - Elms and Milgram found obedient ppts only reported positive relationships with their parents, while those with Authoritarian traits had harsher upbringings
Ex - suggests not all obedient people have an Authoritarian personality, indicating obedience may arise from influences like family environment.
L - limits Authoritarian personality theory as it may not fully account for varied influences on obedience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the Authoritarian personality theory propose?

A

It suggests that a specific personality type, marked by rigid beliefs and submission to authority, predisposes some people to obey more easily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who developed the concept of Authoritarian Personality?

A

Adoeno et al
to understand the roots of obedience and prejudice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What tool did Adorno create to measure the authoritarian personality?

A

They developed the F scale to acsess authoritarian traits?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some key traits measured by the F scale?

A

Respect for authority
hostility towards non-conformists
strict adherence to social norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

According to Adorno, what childhood experience contributes to an Authoritarian personality?

A

Harsh and overly strict parenting
leading individuals to displace aggression towards weaker individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is research support a strength of minority influence?

A

P - A strength of research into minority influence is the support for consistency.
Ev - Wood et al. (1994) conducted a meta-analysis of nearly 100 studies and found that consistent minorities were the most influential.
Ex - This demonstrates the reliability of the findings and highlights the importance of consistency as a factor.
L - Moscovici’s research is supported, suggesting consistency plays a key role in explaining minority influence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is conformity?

A

A type of social influence where we choose to go along with the majority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the types of confomity?

A

Compliance
Identification
Internalisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is social influence?

A

the ways in which external factors alter our behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is compliance?

A
  • change their views publicly but not privately.
  • due to NSI
  • temporary, lasts as long as the group is present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is identification?

A

conforming to a group because there is something about that group we value
May or may not privately agree
Desire for a relationship or association with the group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What Is internalisation?

A

After examining their own thoughts and beliefs, an individual privately changes their beliefs as they agree with the group
Permanent
Due to ISI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 2 explanations of conformity?

A
  • Normative social influence
  • Informational social influence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is normative social influence?

A
  • conforming because you want to be liked and gain social approval
  • leads to. Compliance
  • behaviour is superficial or temporary as motivated by emotional reasons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is informational social influence?

A
  • conforming to majority because you desire to be correct
  • driven by belief that others are experts
  • change in view or behaviour is permanent and genuine as motivated by cognitive reasons
  • leads to internalisation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What was Asch’s procedure:

A

8-10 male college students
1 was ppt, others were confederates
Line judgement - asked which line matched the standard line in length
Ppt nearly last to answer
12 trials confederates were instructed to give same incorrect answer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What were Asch’s findings?

A
  • when task difficulty increased, conformity increased
  • When the size of the majority increases, conformity plateaued but only up to a group size of 3 people
  • When 1 confederate gave right answer conformity dropped considerably
    -People conform due to NSI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What percentage of participants in Asch’s line study conformed at least once?

A

75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are social roles?

A

The “parts” people play as members of various social groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What was the procedure of SPE?

A

24 male students from US
$15/day
7-14 day study
Zimbardo- superintendant
Did psychological assesments to ensure they were stable, healthy
Randomly assigned by coin toss prison/guard
Prisoners unexpectedly arrested, given uniforms, ID numbers, given rules and limited rights, 3 meals/day, supervised toilet trips
Guards given uniforms, clubs, whistles, glasses to establish authority, 8hr shifts, can leave after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What were the findings if the SPE?

A

ppts who were guards became sadistic and soulless
Prisoners became helpless, failed at resistance, anxious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What were the ethical issues in the SPE?

A

prisoner 819 broke down and began to cry hysterically
Prisoners chanted that he was a bad prisoner
He sobbed uncontrollably
Experiment was terminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is obedience?

A

a form of social influence that involves performing an action under the orders of an authority figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What was Milgram’s volunteer sample?

A

40 males aged 20-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What was the procedure of Milgram’s experiment?

A
  • participants greeted by individual they believed were a scientist in a lab coat and a participant but they were actually both confederates. - - - Roles of teacher and learner assigned and learner would always be confederate.
  • Learner in chair and connected to electrodes
  • then teacher taken to another room and had to administer shocks to them whenever answer was incorrect,
  • voltage increased with each incorrect answer.
  • could hear learner’s reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What were Milgram’s findings?

A
  • all ppts reached 300V
  • 12.5% refused to continue
  • large number showed extreme tension
  • 14 ppts displayed nervous laughter
  • 3 ppts had seizures
  • 65% delivered full 450 V
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What happened when a ppt refused to continue?

A

scientist would tell them they have to continue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What situational variables affected Milgram’s experiment?

A

Proximity
Location
Power or uniform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is agentic state?

A

a mental state where we feel no responsibility for our behaviour as we are acting for an authority figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the autonomious state?

A

When individuals act according to their principles and feel responsible for their actions, free will over all our actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the agentic shift?

A

movement from Ana utonomous state to an agentic state, happens in the presence of an authority figure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is an example of the agentic state in Milgram’s experiment?

A

experimenter told participant he would take responsibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is dispositional explanation?

A

An example of behaviour that highlights the importance of n individual’s personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is the authoritarian personality?

A

type of personality that makes a person more susceptible to obeying people in authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

the higher the F scale,

A

the more authoritarian you are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What wash Adorono’s procedure?

A

200 middle clas white Americans
Measured individuals in conscious attic iTunes towards other racial group using F scale questionares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What were findings of Adorno’s study?

A

autnomous scored highly on F scale identified as strong who look down on weak
Cognitive style made them see world in black and white

43
Q

What did Adorno suggest about people with an authoritarian personality?

A

parenting with harsh physical punishments
Anger felt from parents was displaced onto others mainly minority groups

44
Q

What are features of those with Authoritarian personality?

A

high respect for people with higher social status
Hostile to people with low status
Fixed stereotypes about other groups
Clear ideas about right or wrong

45
Q

What is legitimacy of authority?

A

An explanation of obedience that suggetss we are likely more likely to obey people who we perceive have more authority over us

46
Q

What is resisitance to social influence?

A

The ability to resist pressure to conform or obey by maintaining personal autonomy and integrity in thoughts, decisions, and actions.

47
Q

What is social support?

A

Social support is when others resist authority or majority, boosting confidence, diffusing responsibility, reducing isolation, and legitimizing defiance against pressure

48
Q

What is the locus of control?

A

Rotter (1966) : The extent to which individuals believe they have control over their own lives. Internals attribute control to themselves, while externals attribute control to external factors such as luck or fate

49
Q

What is internal locus of control?

A

when we believe people have personal control over their lives and the outcomes of their actions
strong loc more likely to take responsibility for actions

50
Q

What was the resistance to social influence in Asch’s line study?

A
  • 25% resisted pressure to conform on every critical trial
51
Q

What is the resistance to social influence in milgram’s study?

A

35% of pps resisted pressure to obey by refusing to deliver full 450V shock

52
Q

What are the explanations of resistance to social influence?q

A

Social support
Locus of control

53
Q

How do the individuals resist conformity with a non-conformist ally with social support?

A

more likely to resist conforming to group pressure because the ally break’s the groups unanimity and creates an alternate group to belong to

54
Q

How do individuals with a disobedient role model resist obedience with social support?

A

more likely to resist obeying orders of an authority figure because the role model challenges the legitimacy of authority

55
Q

What is the locus of control?

A

a system regarding what people consider to be the causes of their experiences and factors that influence sucsesses and failures
influences how people percieve and interact with environment

56
Q

How would an internal locus of control resist conformity?

A

individuals with internal LOC are more likely to conform to group pressure
believe in ability to make independent judgements and decisions.
sense of responsibility encourages them to stand by their convictions even under social pressure

57
Q

How would an internal locus of control resist obedience?

A

internal LOC people more likely to resist obeying an authority figure
independence and responsibility means they will question orders of authority figure and defy commands that conflict with their own values

58
Q

What is minority influence?

A

a form of social influence where a minority of people persuade others to adopt their beliefs, atittudes and behaviours.
leads to internalisation or conversion where private attitudes are changed as well as public behaviours

59
Q

What are the key features of minority influence?

A

Consistiency
Commitment
Flexibility

60
Q

What happened in Moscovici’s study?

A

Group of 6 participants (4 real and 2 confederates)
shown 36 slides of shades of blue
asked to name colour of each slide

61
Q

What were the findings of Moscovici’s study?

A

in 1 condition, confederates described all 36 slides as green
8% real ppts adopted the answer

in other condition, confederates described 24/36 as greem
ppts taking minority position was 1.25%

62
Q

What s social change?

A

when society adopts a new way of behaving which becomes widely-acceptable as the norm

63
Q

How does consistiency affect minority influence?

A

when members of the same minority repeat the same message over time and all group members give the same message
so members of majority are more likely to consider minority poistion and reconsider own position

64
Q

How does commitment affect minority influence?

A

if members of minority are willing to suffer for their views but still hold them, members of the majority will take minority and their ideas seriously
as majority can see they are not acting out of self-interest they carefully consider their position

65
Q

How does flexibility affect minority influence?

A

if seen as dogmatic, minorities will not be persuausive
need to consider valid counter arguments and show they are reasonable
slightly compromise
encourages majority members to move closer to minority

66
Q

What is the snowball effect?

A

minority becomes majority

67
Q

How does NSI play a role in social change?

A

behaviour or views can become norm in minority group
those who against this norm risk rejection
norm can spread to broader society

68
Q

How does ISI play a role in social change?

A

members of minority can give information to the majority
wider society changes it behaviour because it accepts the new evidence

69
Q

What are the evaluation points for minority influence?

A

+) research support
-) artificial tasks
-) correlation of conformity
C.P-low %

70
Q

How is research support a strength of minority influence?

A

Point: Research supports consistency as key in minority influence.
Evidence: Wood et al. (1994) conducted a meta-analysis of nearly 100 studies, showing that consistent minorities were the most influential.
Explanation: This suggests consistency is a crucial factor, making these findings reliable and significant.
Link: The research reinforces Moscovici’s findings and suggests that consistency may be a key factor in influencing behavior across different contexts and groups.

71
Q

How is artificial tasks a limitation of minority influence?

A

Point: Moscovici’s study involved artificial tasks.
Evidence: The tasks, such as identifying slide colors, were artificial and meaningless.
Explanation: This lack of mundane realism reduces the study’s ecological validity, as it does not reflect real-world scenarios.
Link: The research may not accurately explain how a majority can be influenced in practical, real-world settings.

72
Q

How is correlation of conformity in Moscovici’s study a limitation of minority influence?

A

P - The strength of the correlation between consistency and conformity is evident.
Ev - Conformity was 8% with a consistent minority and 1.25% with an inconsistent minority.
Ex - This supports the idea that consistency enhances minority influence, making it more effective than inconsistency.
L - consistency is a key factor in minority influence and plays a significant role in driving conformity.

73
Q

How are low percentages a counter of correlation of conformity in Moscovici’s study?

A

C.P - However, the percentages are still low, indicating that consistency alone is not enough to fully convert the majority.
L - This suggests that minority influence research doesn’t fully explain how a minority can lead to a complete conversion of the majority’s beliefs.

74
Q

What are the evaluation points for explanations for obedience?

A

+) supporting evidence from research
C.P-> characteristics of A.P are not universal
-) alternative explanation
-) F scale is limited

75
Q

How is supporting evidence from research a strength of the authoritarian personality?

A

P - Supporting evidence from research.
Ev - Milgram and Elms interviewed a small sample of fully obedient participants from the original study. They found that 20 obedient participants scored significantly higher on the F-scale than a comparison group of 20 disobedient participants.
Ex - This suggests that their obedience could be linked to their high F-scale score, indicating an authoritarian personality.
L - This could explain why some people obey authority figures more readily, as those with high F-scale scores may be more likely to conform.

76
Q

How is not having traits of an authoritarian personality a counter of supporting evidence from research?

A

P - Characteristics experienced by authoritarian personality are not universal.
Ev - Participants didn’t glorify their fathers or experience hostility, strictness, or violent punishments in their upbringing—traits often associated with an authoritarian personality.
Ex - Despite displaying behaviors linked to authoritarianism, it’s unlikely all participants truly had an authoritarian personality, suggesting alternative explanations must be considered.
L - This questions the reliability of the authoritarian personality as a measure of obedience, implying it may not be a fully reliable indicator

77
Q

How is alternative explanations a limitation of the authoritarian personality as an explanation of obedience?

A

P - There is an alternative explanation involving the existence of other personalities.
Ev - In pre-war Germany, millions displayed disobedient, racist, and anti-Semitic behaviors, despite differing personalities.
Ex - Many obeyed but may not have had an authoritarian personality, suggesting that the authoritarian personality alone cannot explain obedience and the research lacks ecological validity.
L - The authoritarian personality can only partially explain obedience, as it doesn’t account for other personality types or situational factors.

78
Q

How is the F scale being limited a limitation of the authoritarian personality?

A

P - The F-scale is limited as it only measures right-wing tendencies.
Ev - Extreme left-wing and right-wing ideologies both emphasize obedience to political authorities.
Ex - This means individuals with extreme left-wing views could score highly on the F-scale, even though it is not designed for this purpose.
L - Therefore, the validity of the F-scale is questionable, as it fails to distinguish between ideologies and relies on closed questions, reducing its reliability.

79
Q

How is it often unclear whether NSI or ISI at work in research studies or in real life?

A

Point:
It is often unclear whether NSI or ISI drives conformity in specific situations.

Evidence:
Asch (1955) found reduced conformity with a supporting confederate but increased conformity when task difficulty rose.

Explanation:
This shows NSI and ISI may simultaneously influence behavior.

Link:
This undermines the theory’s ability to differentiate causes of conformity.

80
Q

What are the evaluation points for types affecting conformity?

A

+) lab study
+) RWA
-) low temporal validity

81
Q

How is Asch’s line study being a ab experiment a limitation?

A

P - lab study
Ev - estabishes cause and effect relationship
Ex - high internal validity is shown so the study can be reliably-reproduced
L - credibile

82
Q

How is real world application a strength of Asch’s line study?

A

Point:
Research into conformity improves jury decision-making.

Evidence:
Asch found private responses reduced conformity, showing jurors may conform publicly to avoid conflict.

Explanation:
Private responses could reduce conformity and encourage independence.

Link:
This ensures fairer, more credible verdicts.

83
Q

How is low temporal validity a limitation of Asch’s line study?

A

P - Low temporal validity.
Ev - The study was conducted in 1950s America, during McCarthyism, when many feared being accused of communism. A replication in the 1970s showed only 1 in 396 participants conformed.
Ex - The high conformity in the original study was likely influenced by the cultural climate of the time, with individuals more afraid to be different.
L - Therefore, the study’s findings may not apply to modern times, limiting its generalizability and relevance today.

84
Q

How is scientific methods a strength of conformity to social roles in SPE?

A

P - scientific methods
Ev - conducted and controlled setting and Zimbardo used random allocation when dividing ppts
Ex - easily-replicated, increases reliability
L - Zimbardo’s study identifies how individuals may conform to social roles

85
Q

How is the use of demand characterisitics a limitation of conformity to social roles in SPE?

A

P - demand characteristics
Ev - guards may have known Zimbardo’s true aims and wanted to please him by conforming
Ex - means experiment would lack scientific credibility
L - unreliable

86
Q

How is the use of ethical issues a limitation of conformity to social roles in SPE?

A

P - Lots of ethical issues.
Ev - Participants were not protected from harm, had no privacy, were deceived, and were not given informed consent.
Ex - These ethical concerns undermine the credibility of the study, as participants were misled and subjected to stress without proper consent.
L - Therefore, the study’s ethical shortcomings reduce its reliability and may affect its overall value in understanding human behavior.

87
Q

What are the evaluation points of conformity to social roles?

A

-) ethical issues
+) scientific methods
-) demand charcterisitics

88
Q

How is research support a strength of Milgram’s situational variables?

A

P - Research support.
Ev - Bickman (1974) had confederates dress in different outfits (jacket and tie, milkman’s outfit, and security guard uniform) and ask passers-by to perform tasks like picking up litter. People were twice as likely to obey the security guard.
Ex - Uniforms are seen as more authoritative, increasing obedience.
L - This situational variable of uniform helps explain why people obey authority figures. The field study design gives it high external validity, making the findings more generalizable.Wha

89
Q

What are the evaluation points for Milgram’s situational variables ?

A

+) research support
+) replications
C.P-> culture bias
-) unrealistic research

90
Q

How is replications of Milgram’s study a strength of situational variables?

A

P - Replications from Meeus and Raajimakers.
Ev - In a study conducted in the Netherlands, participants were asked to say stressful things in an interview with a confederate desperate to get a job. 90% of Dutch participants obeyed.
Ex - This replication supports Milgram’s findings, demonstrating that people are likely to obey authority even in stressful situations.
L - The high level of obedience in this study suggests that the findings of Milgram’s research are reliable and applicable across different cultures and contexts.

91
Q

What is a counter of the replications of Milgram’s study

A

P - Cultural bias.
Ev - Meeus and Raajimakers (1986) only had two replications in non-Western cultures.
Ex - This limits the generalizability of the findings, as the majority of research on obedience is based on Western participants.
L - The findings may not fully apply to non-Western cultures, suggesting cultural differences might affect levels of obedience.

92
Q

How is unrealistic research a limitation of situational variables?

A

P - Unrealistic research.
Ev - Orne and Holland argued that participants knew the shocks were faked, and Milgram acknowledged that some variations became more contrived, making the situation unrealistic.
Ex - This suggests that obedience may have been influenced by demand characteristics, not just genuine obedience, leading to a lack of internal validity.
L - Therefore, the findings may not fully reflect real-world obedience, reducing the credibility of the research.

93
Q

What are the evaluation points for agentic state and legitimacy of authority?

A

+) research support
-) conflicting research
-) lacks generalisability

94
Q

How is research support a strength of agentic state?

A

P - Research support.
Ev - Participants were asked who was responsible if the learner was harmed, and the experimenter replied, “I’m responsible.” Participants then continued with the procedure without objection.
Ex - This provides empirical evidence that when responsibility is explicitly removed from an individual, they are more likely to obey without resistance.
L - This supports the idea that the agentic state can accurately explain obedience in all people, as they shift responsibility to authority figures.

95
Q

How is conflicting research a limitation of legitimacy of authority?

A

P - Conflicting research.
Ev - Rank and Jacobson found that 16 out of 18 hospital nurses disobeyed a doctor’s orders to administer an excessive drug dose to a patient, despite the doctor being an obvious authority figure.
Ex - This study had high ecological validity, as it took place in a real-world medical setting.
L - This contradicts the agentic state theory, suggesting that authority figures do not always lead to obedience, and other factors may influence disobedience in real-life situations.

96
Q

How is lacking generalisability a limitation of legitimacy of authority?

A

P - Has a different effect on everyone depending on culture and gender.
Ev - Kilham and Mann found only 16% of female Australian participants went all the way to 450V in a Milgram-style study, while Mantel (1971) found 85% of German participants obeyed.
Ex - This shows that obedience cannot be generalized across cultures, as perceptions of authority differ across cultures and genders.
L - The cultural climate, rather than just the legitimacy of authority, is likely the reason for variations in obedience.

97
Q

What are the evaluation points of resistance to social influence social support?

A

+) social support helps individuals resist pressure to obey
-) social support reduces conformity
-) not a complete explanation for resistance

98
Q

How is heping individuals resist the pressure to obey a strength of social support?

A

Point: Social support helps individuals resist pressure to obey.
Evidence: Milgram found that obedience dropped from 65% to 10% when participants had social support.
Explanation: This demonstrates how social support reduces the perceived legitimacy of authority.
Link: This shows that social support effectively reduces obedience, making it a valuable factor in resistance to authority.

99
Q

How is reducing conformity a strength of social support?

A

Point: Social support reduces conformity.
Evidence: In Asch’s unanimity variation, conformity dropped from 32% to 5.5% with the presence of a dissenting confederate.
Explanation: The presence of a dissenter challenges group pressure, showing that social support can help resist conformity.
Link: This highlights social support as a key factor in reducing conformity within group dynamics.

100
Q

How is not being a complete explanation for resistance a limitation of social support?

A

Point: Social support is not a complete explanation for resistance.
Evidence: Despite social support, 10% of participants in Milgram’s study and 5.5% in Asch’s study still obeyed or conformed.
Explanation: Factors like locus of control and authoritarian personality also influence resistance, indicating that social support alone does not fully account for resistance.
Link: This shows that there are additional dispositional factors influencing obedience and conformity.

101
Q

What are the evaluation points for locus of control?

A

+) internal LOC helps people resist obedience
-) link between locus of control and resistance is correlational
+)LOC influences resistance to social influence

102
Q

How is an internal locus of control helping individuals resist obedience a strength of locus of control?

A

P - internal LOC helps individuals resist obedience
Ev - Holland (1967) found 37% ppts with internal LOC refused to obey highest shock level compared to 23% external LOC
Ex - individuals with internal LOC are better at resisting pressure to obey
L - majority still obeyed LOC is partial explanation

103
Q

How is LOC influencing resistance to social influence a strength of locus of control?

A

Strength: LOC influences resistance to social influence.
Evidence: Spector (1983) found participants with an internal LOC were more likely to resist normative social influence.
Explanation: This highlights that having an internal LOC increases resistance to group pressure, such as fitting in.
Link: This is a strength because it shows LOC can predict resistance in certain situations

104
Q

How is having a correlational lik between LOC and resistance a limitation of LOC?

A

Limitation: The link between LOC and resistance is only correlational.
Evidence: Other factors, such as social anxiety, personal morality, and social status, may also influence resistance to social influence.
Explanation: This means LOC cannot be established as the sole cause of resistance, reducing its explanatory power.
Link: This highlights the need to consider multiple factors beyond LOC when explaining resistance.

Psychology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions