social influence Flashcards
What is obedience?
Comply with the orders of an authority figure
What is an authority figure?
Someone with more power and control then another
What is conformity?
Matching the behaviour of others in order to fit in
What is compliance?
Going along with the majority, even though we privately do not agree
What is normative social influence?
Compliance, because of the need we need to fit into a group
What is internalisation?
Going along with the majority because we do not know how to behave in the situation
What is informative social influence?
Conformity because we do not know how to behave
What is identification?
Temporarily adopting behaviours of role model or group
What is deindividuation?
Loss of personal self-awareness and responsibility in a group
What are three types of conformity?
Compliance
Internalisation
Identication
What is the bystander effect?
We fail to help someone in need
What are situational factors?
Features of a situation that influence whether or not we intervene in an emergency
What is personality factors?
Features of an individual that influence how likely there to intervening an emergency
What is diffusion of responsibility?
When we believe others will help so we pass the responsibility onto them
What is pluralistic ignorance?
When we interpret the situation according to others reactions
How does the situational factor noticing the event affect the bystander intervention?
Enlarge codes, we are less likely to notice an emergency situation
How does the situational factor cost of helping affect bystander intervention?
We may harm ourselves while helping someone
What are situational factors that affect bystander intervention ?
Diffusion of responsibility
Noticing the event
Pluralistic ignorance
Cost of helping
What are personal factors affect bystander intervention?
Competence
Mood
Similarity
What is competence in personal factors affecting bystander intervention?
If we are trained enough to help, we are more likely to help
What is mood in personal factors affecting bystander intervention?
Less likely to intervene if help another if they are in a bad mood
What is similarity in personal factors affecting bystander intervention?
If we are similar to a person in need, we are more likely to help
How does deindividuation and conformity explain crown behaviour
- deindividuation = loss of personal self in a group
- conformity = copy behaviour of others in the group
How does obedience explain crown behaviour
If leader gives instructions, everyone listens of lower power
What are ways to prevent blind obedience to authority figure?
Familiarity of the situation = if you don’t know a situation, we follow orders because don’t know how to behave
What was the aim of Piliavin subway study?
- how quick someone would help in an emergency
- behaviour in a natural environment
What about the participants of Piliavin subway study?
4450 men and women
(55% white, 45% black)
What was the procedure of Piliavin subway study?
- drunk man carrying a bottle of alcohol and fell over
- ill man with a cane fell over
- 2 female confederates recorded everything
- 103 trials in total
What were the results of Piliavin subway study?
- 62/65 trials, victim carrying a cane helped victim after 70 seconds
- 9/38 trials, victim who was drunk helped victim after 70 seconds
- 21/103 trials, 34 people left the critical area (close proximity to victim)
What were the conclusions of Piliavin subway study?
- same gender preference
- same race preference
- larger groups more likely to offer help
- men were more likely to help (cost of helping for women)
What were the strengths of Piliavin subway study?
- high ecological validity as it was in a natural settings (subway)
What were the weaknesses of Piliavin subway study?
- unethical as people didn’t know they were being observed
What was the aim of the Zimbardo Stanford Prison experiment?
- investigate prisoner guard conflict in a stimulated prison environment
What about the participants of the Zimbardo Stanford Prison experiment?
- 22 selected due to a newspaper and volunteering
- each payed 15 dollars a day
- all male
What was the procedure of the Zimbardo Stanford Prison experiment?
- prisoners dressed in a white frilly smock dress and had a identification badge
- guards dressed in beige military uniforms with a baton
- prisoners were arrested by real officers
What was the results of the Zimbardo Stanford Prison experiment?
- verbal aggression got worse after time
- study stopped after 6 days
- many prisoners displayed signs of depression and anxiety
What was the conclusion of the Zimbardo Stanford Prison experiment?
- both guard and prisoners conformed to their role
- uniforms deindivuated them = change in behaviour
What was the strengths of the Zimbardo Stanford Prison experiment?
- the prisoner or guards were not acting and there for conformed to their role and didn’t fake act
What was the weaknesses of the Zimbardo Stanford Prison experiment?
- unethical = prisoners verbally abused and left scarred
- lacked generalisability = only done on males
What is society?
Group of people in a community
What is a social issue?
A social problem that affects a community of people
What is culture?
Set of traditions, beliefs and values shared by a group of people
What is an individualistic culture?
- culture emphasises independence
What is a collectivistic culture?
- work together
