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psychology > Social Influence > Flashcards

Social Influence Flashcards

cook tho i wont use thsi probably

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1
Q

What was the aim of Asch’s study?

A

To investiagte group pressure in an unambigious situation

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2
Q

What was the method of Asch’s study?

A

There were 123 american men as participants. They were given 2 cards, one with a standard line and 3 with comparison lines. In every group there was 1 naive participant and the rest were confederates. There were 12 critical trials where the confederates gave wrong answers and the naive participant was always last to answer.

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3
Q

What were the results of asch study>

A

On the critical trials, the participants gave the wrong answer 1/3 of the time. 25% never gave a wrong answer

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4
Q

What is the conclusion of asch’s study?

A

That people are influenced by group pressure but many can resist.

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5
Q

What was the evaluation of aschs study?

A

One weakness was it was only reflective of conformity in 1950s america
Another weakness was it was an artifical task, doesn’t reflect everyday situations
further weaknes was results can;t be generailsed to collectivist cultures where rates are higher

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6
Q

How did group size affect asch’s study?

A

Two confederates = 13.6% confomrity
three confederates = 31.8% conformity. more than 3 made little differnce

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7
Q

How did anonymity affect asch’s study?

A

Writing answer down is anonymous and conformity lower

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8
Q

How did task dificulty affect asch’s study?

A

If comparison lines more similart o standard this makes task harder, conformity increases

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9
Q

How does personality affect asch’s study?

A

High internal locus of control, conform less. Burger and Cooper found internals less likley to agree with a confederates rating of a cartoon

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10
Q

How does expertise affect asch’s study?

A

More knowledgable people = conform less. Lucas found maths experts les likley to conform to others answers on maths problems

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11
Q

What was the aim of milgras study?

A

To investiagte if Germans are different in terms of obedience

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12
Q

what was the method of milgrams study?

A

There were 40 male volunetters. Teacher insturcted by experimenter to give a shock if learner answered a quesion incorectly

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13
Q

what was the conclusion of milgrams study?

A

Obedience related to social factors not dispostion e.g location,novel situation

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14
Q

what was the results of milgrams study?

A

No paricipant (teacher) stopped below 300v. 65% shocked to 450v
There was extreme tension e.g three had seizures

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15
Q

What was the evaluation of milgrams study?

A

One weakess was lacked realsim
Another weakness was ther were severe ethical issues
One strength is that it was supported by other research

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16
Q

What was the agentic state?

A

Follow orders with no responsibility

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17
Q

What is the autonomous state?

A

Own free choice

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18
Q

How did authority affetc milgrams agencey theory>

A

Agentic shift: moving from making own free choice to following orders occurs when someone is in authority

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19
Q

How does culture affect milgrams agency theory? - the social hierachy

A

Some people have more authority than others. Hierachy depends on society and socilisation.

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20
Q

How does proximity affect milgrams agencey theory?

A

particiopants lesss obedient in milgrams study when in same rom as learner increasin moral strain

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21
Q

What is the evaluation of milgrams agecney theory

A

One strength is that there is research support for it. One weakness is it doesn’t explain all findings and why there is no 100% obedience in milgrams study
another weakness is that it gave people an excuse for destructive behaviour

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22
Q

What is the authoritatrian personality?

A

some people have a strong respect for authority and look down on people of lower status

23
Q

what is cognitive style in the authoritain personality theory?

A

Rigid steroertypes and don;t like change

24
Q

How does the authoritarian personality orginate in childhood.

A

Strict parents only show love if behaviour is correct. Thesse alues are internalised.

25
Q

What is scapegoating in the authoritain personality theory?

A

Hostility felt towards parents for beiig crticial is put onto peopel who are socially inferior

26
Q

What is the evaluation for the authoritarian personality?

A

One weakness was authoritain personality was mesaured on f-scale which has response bias
another wakness was results are correlational, can’t say authoritarain personality casues greater obedience
furrther wakness was of a dispositional explanation is that on its own it cannot explain all cases of obedience

27
Q

What was the aim of pilvains subway study?

A

To investigate if charcaterists of a victim affect help given in an emergencey

28
Q

What wass the method of pilavins subwayu study?

A

Male confedearet collapsed on subway. 103 trials. victim appeared to be drunk or apeared to be a disabled(had cane)

29
Q

What were the results of pilavins subway study

A

Disabled victim given help on 95% of trials compared to 50% helped when drunk. Help was aslikley in crowded and empty carriagdes.

30
Q

What was the conclusion of pilavins subway study?

A

Characteristcs of a victim affects help given. number on onlookers doesnt affect help in nautral settingx

31
Q

what was the evaluation of pilavins subway study

A

One strength was ther is high realism, they ddint kow their behaviour was being studied so they acted more naturally
One wakness was it was an urban sample so participants from the city may be used to emergencies
one strength was there was qualative data such as passengar remarks

32
Q

How does presence of others affect help given?

A

The more people present the less likely someone will help. Darley and Latane found that 85% on own helped person with seizure but only 31% in a group of 4

33
Q

What is the cost of helping?

A

Includes danger to self or emarrassment.
Also costs of not helping e.g guilt or blame

34
Q

How does similarity to person affect help given?

A

Help more likley if victim is similar to self.

35
Q

How does expertise affect help given?

A

People with specialist skills more likely to help in emerengencies.

36
Q

What is deindividuation?

A

Lose our own identity and take on the group identity

37
Q

What was the aim of zinbardo’s study?

A

To study the effetcs of loss of indivual identity

38
Q

What was the method of zinbardo’s study?

A

Female participants told to deliver fake electric shocks. Indiviuated group wore normal clothes. Deindividuated group wore large coat with hood.

39
Q

What were the results of zinbardo’s study?

A

Deindivuated group more likley to shock and held button up to 2x longer

40
Q

what was the conclusion of zinbardo’s study?

A

This shows being anonymous increases aggression

41
Q

What is the evaluation of zinbardos study?

A

One weakness was deindivudation does not always result in antisocial behaviour
one strength is that it can be used to help crowds
One weakness of the deindiudation explnation is that antisocial behaviour may be due to crowding rather than collective behaviour

42
Q

What was the aim of reicher study of crowd and collective behaviour?

A

To investigate crowd behaviour to see if it as ruly or unruly

43
Q

What was the method of reicher study of crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Studied newspaper and tv reports interviewed 20 people, six in depth

44
Q

What were the results of reicher study of crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Riots triggered by police raiding cafe which community felt was unjust. Crowd threw bricks,burnt police cars but calmed when police left

45
Q

What was the conclusion of reicher study of crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Shows damage was rule driven and targeted at police, reflecting social attitude of area

46
Q

what is the evaluation of reicher study of crowd and collective behaviour?

A

One strength is that other research have come to similar conclusions
One weakness is that the data was subjective
One strength of this research is that it provides ideas about how to best police such riots

47
Q

What are the social factors in crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Deindividuation
Social Loafing
Culture

48
Q

What are the dispositional factors of crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Personality
Morality

49
Q

What is social loafing?

A

When working in a group people put in less effort as you cam’t identify ever individual effort. Latane found participants individually shouted less when in a group of 6 than when alone

50
Q

how does deindivudation affect crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Group norms determine crowd behaviour

51
Q

How does culture affect crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Earley found Chinese people (collectivist culture) put in same amount of effort even if amount can be identified. Not true for Americans (individualist)

52
Q

How does personality affect crowd and collective behaviour?

A

High locus of control enables individuals to be less influenced by crowd behaviour

53
Q

How does morality affect crowd and collective behaviour?

A

Strong sense of right and wrong helps resist pressure from group norms

54
Q

What was the Stanford Prison Experiment?

A

The Stanford Prison experiment involved two groups of university students. One group was given the prisoner role, and the other the prison officer role. They were placed in stimulation and were monitored to see what would happen next. The experiment is testing a number of factors: the use of authority figures, uniforms, prescribed roles and anonymity. The experiment had to be stopped after six days due to dangerous levels of physical, emotional and psychological abuse. It would be considered completely unethical today to replicate.

psychology (9 decks)

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