perception terms Flashcards
What is sensation
The physical stimulation of the 5 senses processed by sensory receptors
Perception
Perception-The brain interpreting and organising the sensory information
What is the difference between perception and sensation
The difference between the 2 is that sensation detects the stimulus and perception interprets what that stimulus means.
What are constancies?
Constancies are seeing objects and images the same from different angles and distances
What are cues?
Cues are information about movement,distance etc.
What is retinal disparity?
Retinal disparity-Difference between the view of the left and right eye gives the brain information about the depth and distance
What is convergence?
Binocular depth cue
Convergence-Eyes point closer together when an object is close. Muscles work harder so they know distance and depth.
What is relative size?
Relative size-smaller objects appear further away
What is height in plane
Height in plane-Objects that are higher up appear further away
What is occlusion
Monocular depth cue
Occlusion-If one object obscures part of another object, its seen as closer
What is linear perspective?
Linear perspective-Parallel lines appear as closer because they become more distant
Sufficent information for direct perception
Sufficient information for direct perception-Sensation and perception are the same.They eye detects everything we need without having to make inferences
What are optic flow patterns?
Optic flow patterns-When moving, things in the distance appear stationary and everything else rushes past. This provides perceptual information about speed and distance.
What is motion parallex?
Motion parallax-A monocular depth cue. When moving past them,closer objects appear to move faster than objects that are further away. It provides perceptual information about speed and distance.
What is influence of nature?
Influence of nature-Perception is inborn not learned
How does Ponzo Illusion work?
Misinterpreted depth cues cause you to perceive the horizontal line higher up as longer.
How does the Muller Lyer illusion work?
Misinterpreted depth cue causes you to perceive the line with the outgoing fins as longer since its further away which scales it up.
How does the Rubin’s Vase illusion work?
t’s an ambiguous figure so it lets you see the image in 2 ways: a face or the vase and your brain doesn’t know how to organise it so you can see both.
How does the Ame’s Room illusion work
Misinterpreted depth cues cause you to be unable to see the trapezoid shaped room so you see it as a regular room when it’s actually a trapezoid. This is why you see one person larger than the other when they are actually the same
How does the Necker Cube illusion work?
It’s an ambiguous figure so the 2 possible interpretations of the cube can be seen but the brain doesn’t know which is correct even though they are both correct.
How does the Kaniza Triangle illusion work?
Caused by fiction which is when illusory contours create impression of a second triangle
What did Gibson believe about perception?
Gibson thought that perception doesn’t draw out on past experiences, in contrast with Gregory’s theory.
What was Gregory’s constructivist theory of perception?
Contrasting with Gibson, Gregory proposed that sensation and perception were not the same
What is Past experience, the role of nurture
Perception is learned from experience, the more we interact the more sophisticated our perception is.
What is Perception as a construction?
Our brain uses incoming information and information we know to form hypotheses and guesses
What is Inference?
Brain fills in the gaps to create a conclusion about what is being seen.
What are visual cues?
The various visual stimuli we use to interpret and understand the environment and the people within it.
What factors affect perception?
Culture,emotion,motivation and expectation
How does culture affect perception?
Different cultures use depth cues differently
How does emotion affect perception?
Emotion affects perceptual sets, in this case perceptual defence.
How does motivation affect perception?
Sensitivity greater when something is deprived and becomes a motivating factor
How does expectation affect perception?
Expectation increases perceptual sensitivity for expected stimulus features.
