development terms Flashcards
be good
What is nature
Things you have inherited which are present from the moment that first cell is formed.
What is nurture
Other influences such as the kind of home we grew up in, our teachers and friends, what we eat and good and bad experiences we may have had.
What factors negatively affect baby development
Smoking-Leads to smaller brains
Drinking alcohol
drug use
infections-Leads to hearing loss
What happens in sensorimotor stage?
They develop coordination, learning that their hand waving in front of them can be controlled and used to grasp things.
Babies stop looking for objects when they are removed from sight because they don’t have object permanence. This is gained approximately from 8 months. use their senses
What happens in pre operational stage?
Can’t think in consistently logical ways
Egocentric and lack conservation
What happens in concrete operational stage?
Children around the age of 7 can conserve and perform much better in tasks of egocentrism. This shows they have better reasoning abilities. These are strictly concrete operations, they can only be applied to physical objects. Children of 7 and above have a level of logical thinking higher than pre operational but still not fully developed.
What happens in formal operational stage?
Children from 11 years of age and above became capable of formal reasoning. They can focus on the form of an argument and not be distracted by its content. Younger children would be distracted by content compared to older children (11+). Piaget believed that once children can reason formally they become capable of scientific reasoning and can appreciate abstract ideas.
What is Conservation
The ability to realise that quantity remains the same when the appearance of an object or group of objects changes.
What is the Id
Our primitive cells,what drives us on an animalistic standpoint. Most underdeveloped
Egocentricity
The child’s tendency to only be able to see the world from their own point of view. This applies to both physical objects-demonstrated in the three mountains task- and arguments in which a child can only appreciate their own perspective.
Ego
Most realistic part that mediates between the 2 other parts
Superego
Morals-whether it is right or wrong.
Praise
To express approval of someone else and/or what they have done. Praise is rewarding and increases motivation and increases self-esteem.
Self-efficacy
-A person’s understanding of their capabilities. High self-efficacy influences motivation.
Fixed mindset
-The idea that intelligence is fixed,there’s no point in practising or trying to improve.
