social groups Flashcards
Eckert - age
Three forms of age:
Chronological
Social
Biological
Parrott
Teenage identity characterised by:
Rebellion, forbidden behaviour, exclusion, idolisation
Stenstrom
Teenage speak contains:
Slang, expletives, contractions, name calling, insult battles
Eckert - Teenspeak
Teenspeak distances teenagers from adults
Zimmerman
Teenspeak influenced by:
Media, music, internet
DeKlerk
Teenagers can challenge and adapt social norms
Tagliamonte
When communicating online, teenagers use more intensifiers but this isn’t a decline in grammar
Eckert - case study
Jocks vs burnouts
Students in Detroit
Jocks used standard forms while burnouts didn’t
Those in the same social group spoke similarly
Labov - age study
Martha’s Vineyard
Locals (kids) converged their language to be similar to older generation to be different from tourists when they arrive
Labov - social class study
New York stores
Post vocalic r (prestigious)
Upper class (saks) used it the most
Trudgill - case study
Norwich study
Pronunciation of -ing
The higher the social class, the lower the number of non-standard forms
Women and men claimed to use more standard forms than they did
Women used more standard forms than men
Bernstein
Restricted and elaborate code experiment:
Working class children use restricted code
Middle-upper class children use elaborate but can use restricted
MLE
Varies depending on location
‘Jafaican’
‘Peng’ ‘why…for?’ Th stopping
Definition
Social groups are people with a common characteristic
petyt
Bradford study: people who were socially aspirational used hypercorrection and wrong vowel sounds
Also lower class used dropping ‘ h ‘ in words like house
