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English language > CLD - speech > Flashcards

CLD - speech Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

What are the stages of learning to speak?

A

babbling
holophrastic
two word stage
telegraphic
post-telegraphic stage

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2
Q

Holophrastic stage

A

12-18 months
phrases are reduced to one word
holophrases are single words usually nouns
eg: dog for where’s the dog? or that’s a dog!

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3
Q

Two-word stage

A

18-24 months
verbs start being used
correct syntax
eg: Milo woof

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4
Q

Telegraphic stage

A

24month-5years
just enough words to communicate
increased vocab
word classes acquired

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5
Q

Post-telegraphic stage

A

many advanced features

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6
Q

Types of mistakes children make

A

addition - ‘cat-o’ / diminutisation adding -y to words
deletion - ‘ca’ not ‘cat’
consonant cluster reduction - ‘ra-it’ not ‘rabbit’
substitution - easier phoneme used ‘yogurt’ not ‘yoghurt’
assimilation - ‘lellow’ not ‘yellow’, sound from later is used earlier

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7
Q

What does Hallidays functions look at?

A

what children are using language for

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8
Q

Name Hallidays core functions

A
  1. instrumental - child needs something
  2. regulatory - child wants something to happen
  3. interactional - child interacts with others
  4. personal - child wants to express themselves
  5. heuristic - child wants to learn about world
  6. imaginative - child wants to be creative with language
  7. representational - child wants to relay facts
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9
Q

Berko and Brown

A

‘fis’ not ‘fish’
children recognise their caregivers mistakes but cant fix their own

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10
Q

Who says there’s 3 types of overextension?

A

Rescorla

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11
Q

What are Rescorlas 3 types of overextension?

A
  1. categorical - applies label to everything in category
  2. analogical - everything physically or visibly similar
  3. relational - things somewhat related eg pen paper
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12
Q

Lenneberg

A

critical period for learning language - after its difficult to learn

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13
Q

Who can you link Genie case study with?

A

Lenneberg critical period theory

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14
Q

Cruttenden

A

learning inflections creates u shaped curve
1. child gets it right and praised
2. child overuses it
3. child learns when to use it correctly

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15
Q

What do behaviourists argue?

A

children learn through positive and negative reinforcement

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16
Q

What is interactionalism?

A

Argues that children are born with nothing and learn language from their social environment - includes caregivers help

17
Q

Who is the main theorist for interactionalism?

A

Bruner - LASS (language acquisition support system) designed for caregivers to scaffold and support development

18
Q

what is Child directed speech and name some features

A

Bruner - language we use when talking to a child
- labelling
- overarticulation
- echoing
- expansion
- expatiation (reposition with more info)
- reformulation (reposition with different wording)

19
Q

Who named ‘motherese’ and what is it?

A

Snow
how mothers talk to children
1. higher pitch
2. range of intonation
3. interrogative and declaratives
4. syllable and phrase repetition

20
Q

Who did the Jim case study and what is it?

A

Bard and Sachs
jim has two deaf parents
radio and tv wasn’t enough, speech and language therapy taught him to speak
importance of interactions

21
Q

Snarey

A

Fathers interact physically less linguistically

22
Q

What is nativism?

A

there is some form of in-built language device

23
Q

Chomsky

A

language acquisition device (LAD)
contains a set of rules about use of grammar, different arts of the LAD activate when they’re exposed to new language
virtuous errors

24
Q

Chomsky poverty of stimulus meaning

A

caregivers don’t give enough source of English for them to learn through imitation

25
Q

Chomsky virtuous error meaning

A

children say things with mistakes that an adult wouldn’t have said so they can’t be imitating

26
Q

Pinker

A

when children produce an utterance, almost every utterance is new so can’t be imitating

27
Q

who said the wug test and what is it?

A

Berko-Gleason
children were shown photos of fictional things and told to add inflected ending
75% added an -s

28
Q

what is cognitivism?

A

children need to be cognitively adept to talk about things - they cannot express things they do not understand
Piaget

29
Q

Vgostky

A

cognitivism
children have a cognitive deficiency - need to understand things and have gap in knowledge
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
more knowledgeable other (MKO) fill these gaps

30
Q

Social constructivism

A

children learn the rules of language and learn to construct it
tomasello

31
Q

Tomasello

A

children listen to language and find patterns and develop plans on how language is used (schemas)

English language (12 decks)

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