international varieties

Question 1

Webster

Answer 1

‘blue black speller’ codified the American spelling system, aimed to make American english’s orthography simpler than British English

Question 2

Engel

Answer 2

hates americanisms and claim they are ruining British English

Question 3

Murphy

Answer 3

still big difference between American and British English and the differences enter in the same ways

Question 4

Pyles and Algeo

Answer 4

essentially no difference between British and American English or the differences are meaningless

Question 5

Kandiah

Answer 5

English’s spread is as a direct result of colonisation

Question 6

crystal

Answer 6

colonisation isn’t the only reason for spread, the power associated with English speaking countries furthers the spread

Question 7

McArthur

Answer 7

groups varieties of English, all of equal power

Question 8

Crystal

Answer 8

different places adopt and adapt English to suit their needs

Question 9

Kachru

Answer 9

inner = English is the main language
outer = English is present due to colonisation eg. India, Singapore
expanding = used but not because of invasion or colonisation eg china Japan

Question 10

Ostler

Answer 10

technology will mean English will lose its presence as translation software will advance

Question 11

Kachrus model

Answer 11

Refutes variety decreasing, outer circle has made on lexis and grammar
Eg: Nigerian English “bushmeat” and Indian English “she is knowing her science”

Question 12

Modiano

Answer 12

All variety share a common heart the have small individual changes