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PSYC 474 > Social Experience > Flashcards

Social Experience Flashcards

1
Q

Attributions

A

explanations we make to understand causes of an event

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2
Q

What are the two dimensions of attributions?

A

Locus: the root of the cause of the behaviour (internal or external)
Stability: the cause of the behaviour as temporary or stable

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3
Q

What is this attribution: My partner is late because he is a jerk.

A

internal and stable

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4
Q

What is this attribution: My partner is late because he forgot his alarm.

A

internal and temporary

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5
Q

What is this attribution: My partner is late because he forgot his alarm.

A

internal and temporary

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6
Q

What is this attribution: My partner is late because he is stuck in traffic

A

external and temporary

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7
Q

Healthy couples are more likely to use __________ attributions…

A

relationship enchancing attributions
- positive behaviours as internal and stable
- negative behaviours as external and temporary

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7
Q

What is this attribution: My partner is late because his car keeps breaking down

A

external and stable

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8
Q

Construal

A

our interpretation of an event

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8
Q

Schemas

A

mental frameworks or cognitive structures that helps make sense of the world
- streamline info processing and guide perception

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9
Q

What is a perceptual confirmation?

A

When we see what we want or expect to see

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10
Q

What is a behavioural confirmation?

A

When we behave in a way that makes our expectations happen

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11
Q

What is rejection sensitivity?

A

an individual tendency to expect rejection and be very reactive to it
- calculated by degree of anxiety about the outcome of a situation and expectation of acceptance and rejection

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12
Q

How is rejection sensitivity built up?

A

repeated experiences of rejection can lead to formation of rejection expectancies

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13
Q

High RS individuals have attentional bias for ____ cues proved via the___________ task

A

rejection-related cues
proved via stroop task
- slower response time on rejection words

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14
Q

In a study about RS and social behaviour, when the participant was told the other ‘participant’ didn’t want to continue the study, what was the result for high RS vs low RS individuals?

A

high RS feel more rejected in ambigious condition than low RS do.

15
Q

Self-fufilling prophecy?

A

When we expect a certain outcome, we act in ways that will result in that outcome.

16
Q

In a study where heterosexual couples were asked to discuss a topic of ongoing conflict and then fill out a pre and post measure of affect. How did the results differ between high RS and low RS?

A

High RS women displayed more negative behaviours during interaction than low RS AND partners of High RS women were ANGRIER about the relationship in post measure.
This describes how one can behave in ways to elict rejection from others (self-fufilling prophecy)

17
Q

Naive realism

A

idea that one’s perception of the world is an accurate representation of reality.
(I don’t like myself, so either do my friends and family)

18
Q

How does self esteem affect relationships?

A

Low SE individuals are more likely tp fall into naive realism
- studies show when they encounter failure in other areas of life, they attribute it to their relationship too.

19
Q

What is the fundamental attribution error?

A

The tendency to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on the behaviour of others.

20
Q

Motive

A

drives to reach a goal

21
Q

Bias

A

the tendency to process info in a systemic way

22
Q

What is motivated cognition?

A

the ways in which our motives and desires shape how we see, interpret, and organize info

23
Q

Enhancement motive

A

processing information in a way that casts our partner/relationship in a positive light

24
Q

Do satisfied partners idealize their partners?

A

Yes! We have the motive to see our partner more positively than our partner sees themself due to positive illusions about partner and relationship
- even moreso than friends rate the partner

25
Q

What are positive illusions?

A

they are ways to think about something which are overly positive. They elevate relational virtues and minimize faults

26
Q

In a study where a couple and their friends and family were asked about the future of their relationship, what was the result?

A

Partners more optimistic and less accurate than friends and family.

27
Q

How do perceptions of your partner vary in abstraction?

A

Global to specific, global being “they are the best” and specific being “I like that they listen to me”

28
Q

Is love stronger when it is more specific or global?

A

love may be stronger when grounded in specific accuracy BUT it may be possible to view your partner globally positive with some negative traits (ie. he picks his teeth but I love him”)

29
Q

What is justification motive?

A

The motive to hold favourable attitudes about ourselves and justify our actions.

30
Q

Self-serving bias

A

tendency to make internal attributions for our positive behaviour and external for our negative

31
Q

What is an example of a self-serving bias?

A

I am so kind which is why I cleaned my roommate’s dishes. I was so busy this week which is why I didn’t take out our garbage.

32
Q

How does self-serving bias present in relationship?

A

ex. don’t want to believe that we could cause our partner pain or distress so we blame the situation or partner

33
Q

What is the actor-observer difference?

A

degree to which you are oriented toward the person vs the situation depends on whether you’ve engaged in the action yourself or just seen it

34
Q

What is the main difference between actors and observers?

A

actors are more likely to make situational attributions where observers are more likely to make dispositional

35
Q

Why does memory bias occur?

A

memory is constructive, so what we remeber and our current knowledge creat ethe narrative that seems correct to us in the moment

PSYC 474 (10 decks)

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