random review

Question 1

outcome formula

Answer 1

outcome= rewards-costs

Question 2

satisfaction formula

Answer 2

satisfaction= Outcomes- comparison level

Question 3

Comparison level

Answer 3

• the expectations we bring to the relationship
• comparison levels are what we THINK they are (about perception)

Question 4

Dependence formula

Answer 4

D=outcomes-comparison levels for alternatives

Question 5

What factors affect CLalternatives?

Answer 5

-attractiveness of potential partners
-attractiveness if being alone ex. high levels of fear of single, this attractiveness is low
- the costs of leaving the relationship ex. financial, emotional, investments (kids)

Question 6

Examples of costs

Answer 6

-barriers (laws against divorce, social disapproval)
-investments (kids, house, main source of income)

Question 7

How does commitment influence percieved quality of alternatives?

Answer 7

they derogate alternatives: see other potential partners as less attractive (then you would if you were single)

Question 8

What circumstances are we likely to participate in derogation of alternatives?

Answer 8

• moderately committed and a moderate threat, means derogation
• highly committed with a high threat means derogation. This hypothesis is that we are more likley to derogate alternatives when the threat level is equal to the committment level.

Question 9

Brain opioid theory of social attachment

Answer 9

Theory says:
- opioids are released during contact with an attachment figure. They are meant to alleviate pain, distress, and anxiety. When separated from attachment figure, levels drop, drives proximity seeking

Question 10

Agonists versus antagonists

Answer 10

• agonists bind to receptors and mimic actions of a hormone
  ex. morphine produces analgesic effects
  -antagonists bind receptors to block the actions
  ex. naloxone prevents opioids from exerting their usual effects

Question 11

saying is believing paradigm

Answer 11

participant is likely to recall audience-biased information when the audience of part of their in-group BUT if the audience is an outgroup but we see them as having greater EPISTEMIC AUTHORITY then we may recall their biased-info

Question 12

Characteristics of gaslighting behaviours

Answer 12

-

Question 13

Consequences for survivors of gaslighting

Answer 13

• post-traumatic growth, come out stronger
• some people are afraid to enter relationships again

Question 14

Health relevant effects of loneliness

Answer 14

• depression
• heart disease
  -anxiety
  -inc coritsol
  -elevated blood pressure
  -dec anti-viral response
  -poor sleep
  -hypervigilance to social threat

Question 15

Models of social support

Answer 15

stress buffering: close relationships protect by buffering the effects of stressors

main effects model: close relationships exert direct effect on health outcomes regardless of levels of external stress