social, ethical, and legal contexts Flashcards
what is social validation (social validity)?
recognizing that what we do is socially relevant and requires a sensitivity and responsiveness to those consumers (clients, teachers, parents) whom the interventions are intended to serve.
goals of interventions are approved by who?
a broad consensus of people (e.g., improving the academic behaviors of children who are doing poorly in school, reducing bullying at school).
not all goals are free from what?
controversy.
science can inform about the consequences for various acts and can identify strategies to make change, but often the public at large has a critical role in what?
deciding what to change.
the target focus of any intervention (not just the intervention techniques covered in this book) can raise significant issues what reflect what?
values (e.g., how one ought to behave) and social perspectives (e.g., what is deviant).
what is considered people in everyday life for a client?
it is the persons in contact with the client or society at large who might be affected by the outcome of the intervention.
the investigator considering interventions in applied settings ought to make the goals what?
explicit with all interested parties in addition to raising questions for discussion regarding what is and what is not known and the potential benefits and risks associated with the intervention.
the techniques that can be used to alter behavior must consider what?
people’s opinions about what is appropriate and reasonable.
what is treatment acceptability?
judgments by lay persons, clients, and others of whether the intervention procedures are appropriate, fair, and reasonable for the problem that is to be treated.
who often evaluates treatment acceptability?
review committees at institutions (e.g., hospital, university, clinic), lay people, and clients themselves.
interventions ought to be designed so that they are what?
effective but also desirable or preferred among alternatives or options that might produce change.
treatment acceptability can influence what?
- whether professionals are likely to refer people to that intervention
- whether professionals (e.g., educators, therapists) actually use the procedure correctly if they decide to use it
- the likelihood that clients will continue in or drop out of the intervention early
- whether clients carry out the procedures
what is a critical social context?
ensuring that treatments are acceptable and, when given choices, we begin with more acceptable interventions among those shown to work.
acceptability in behavior analysis follows after establishing what?
a prior condition, namely, that there is evidence that the intervention leads to change.
acceptability in behavior analysis is mainly about what?
the palatability of an intervention among those that have evidence on their behalf.
why is it important to learn how cultural and ethnic differences play a role in seeking treatment?
understanding factors that affect acceptability of treatment services may be helpful in fostering increased utilization of treatment by diverse groups.
always ask if the change is enough to what?
make a difference in the lives of individuals.
what is the social comparison method?
the behavior of the client before and after the intervention is compared with the behavior of non-deviant (“normal”) peers who are functioning well in the community.
who should be identified in the social comparison method?
client’s peers, i.e., persons who are similar to the client in such variables as age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic class, but who are functioning adequately or well and whose behaviors do not warrant intervention.
make sure to obtain information that can be used as a what?
bench-mark or point of comparison.
what is the subjective evaluation method?
the client’s behavior is evaluated by persons who are likely to have contact with him or her in everyday life and who evaluate whether distinct improvements in performance can be seen.
how are measures of impairment used?
to evaluate whether the changes are important or make a genuine difference.
