quiz questions Flashcards
responses undergoing extinction often what?
decrease because reinforcement is no longer provided.
extinction is what?
more rapid where constant reinforcement has been used to develop the behavior.
accidental reinforcement is what?
all of these.
the reinforcer that sustains the behavior can be what?
tested by withholding various “reinforcers”
extinction can what?
decrease and eliminate behaviors.
extinction burst involves what?
a temporary increase in the response at the beginning of extinction.
the temporary recurrence of a non reinforced response during extinction is what?
spontaneous recovery.
a situation where reinforcement is discontinued is what?
all of these.
why combine extinction with positive reinforcement?
a and b.
anxiety is difficult to extinguish because
people avoid the anxiety-producing situation.
one of the probe measures in the van houten bicycle helmet use study was what?
whether students removed their helmets after leaving the school.
prompts are most effective when what?
they specify the precise behaviors to be performed.
a contingency contract does what?
specifies the relationship between behaviors and their consequences.
where clients are encouraged to engage in the initial steps of a response, this is what?
response priming.
reinforcer sampling appear to what?
increase utilization of positive reinforcers.
when behavior of one person can be altered by providing reinforcing consequences to others, this is called what?
vicarious reinforcement.
what is/are the major methods of using the group in group-based programs?
all of these.
consequence sharing is particularly useful in situations where what?
there is a need to focus one the behavior of one or a few persons.
the good behavior game is a team-based program that what?
uses response cost if any team member engages in a disruptive behavior.
lottery-based program are often used to what?
maximize the amount of the behavior generated by a small number of rewards.
why did cunningham use goal setting, task clarification, and feedback to increase the use of the neutral zone?
to avoid needle sticks.
levy used tag teach to improve what?
tying suture knots.
blank can refer to changes that carry over to other situations, time periods, or settings than those in which the behavioral program was implemented.
generalization.
changes that extend overtime after the program is terminated usually are referred to as blank maintenance or resistance to extinction.
response maintenance.
behavior may be maintained after reinforcers are withdrawn because of what?
the patient has changed.
a blank trap refers to the notion that once a client’s behavior is developed, it should be “trapped” into the system of reinforcers in the environment.
behavioral.
programming of naturally occurring reinforcers has been used successfully in many programs that are concerned with what?
a and b.
the purpose of using different levels in a program such as a token economy is to develop blank levels of performance overtime and to reduce the highly structured contingencies that maintain performance.
highly.
introducing a broad range of stimuli into training is a strategy referred to as what?
training the general case.
to maximize the likelihood of transfer you should what?
-
one factor that appears to be related to response maintenance is what?
duration of the program.
gallery, meredith, and glenn found that what?
both groups did equally well.
when procedures are applied to alter one’s own behavior, they are referred to as what?
self-control and self-management techniques.
in behavior modification programs, the notion of self-control usually refers to the regulation of behavior which what?
may have undesired consequences that one might like to control.
interest in self-control stems from what?
a and b.
in applications of self-reinforcement, what two procedures can be delineated?
self-determined reinforcement and self-administered reinforcement.
self-reinforcement and self-punishment techniques have been applied to a wide range of problems including what?
all of these.
the most common focus of alternate-response training is to control what?
anxiety.
biofeedback does what?
teaches clients to engage in specific techniques to regulate their own responses in everyday situations.
self-help manuals have been effectively used to help what?
a and b.
self-recruited reinforcement consists of clients doing what?
all of these.
pachis and zonneveld compared video prompting and text based instruction on senior learning to tablet based tasks and they found that what?
both methods were effective.
cognitively based techniques emphasize what?
how an individual perceives the environment.
which treatment is the most appropriate for a difficult-to-treat psychological disorder that involves suicidal ideation or attempt?
dialectical behavioral therapy.
intensive behavioral intervention and pivotal response training are both treatment programs for children with autism spectrum disorder, which of the following is not a similarity between the programs?
they both advocate a natural approach, integrating stimuli materials and interactions that organically occur is ordinary circumstances.
which treatment of anxiety consists of training someone to be deeply relaxed and pairing relaxation with exposure to the situations that evoke anxiety?
systematic desensitization.
according to the text, several irrational beliefs are common to our culture and what?
contribute to emotional and behavioral problems.
which form of therapy has as a central principle the synthesis of acceptance and change?
dialectical behavior therapy.
problem-solving skills training is used to treat aggressive and antisocial behaviors in children,
by helping children learn to identify alternative solutions to interpersonal problems.
graduated exposure treatment includes what?
a hierarchy of fearful stimuli without relaxation techniques.
