generalization Flashcards
what is generalization?
behavior changes that carry over (i.e., generalize) to conditions other than those included in training.
what is response maintenance?
the extension of behavior changes over time after the program (e.g., use of antecedents, behaviors, consequences) is no longer in effect.
what often causes poor maintenance when the program is in place?
often due to the adaption of the reinforcers used.
how do you fix poor maintenance where the program is in place?
add in new contingencies/situations to make the program more interesting.
when often causes poor maintenance when the program is removed?
- the program is not there long enough for natural reinforcers to take hold
- no motivating operation or reinforcers to maintain change
- behaviors have not come under control of stimuli in the treatment condition
what is transfer of behavior?
the extension of behavior changes to new situations, settings, and circumstances.
how can behavior generalize?
to new places, people, or times.
what is response generalization?
changes in behaviors that are not targeted directly in the intervention program.
what is good to do at the outset of any program?
consider whether and what types of generalization might be of interest.
what are behavioral cusps?
behaviors or changes in behavior that bring individuals into contact with new contingencies that have broad consequences, it brings a person new opportunities.
how are behavioral cusps and generalizations related?
in generalization, we want the behavior to be maintained and to transfer while behavioral cusps draw attention to the fact that some behaviors more than others may be pivotal to the goals of generalization
what do behaviors developed with artificial and temporary contingencies (e.g. token reinforcement) tend to do?
they more likely to act as behavioral cusps because if performed, they are likely to lead to other things.
what is also important to do at the outset of behavior?
onsider whether there is a possible behavioral cusp to target not only to change a particular set of behaviors, but also to use those behaviors to expand the individual’s experiences in constructive new ways.
what are keystone behaviors?
behaviors that, when altered, influence other behaviors.
what are keystone/pivotal behaviors prerequisites for?
other behaviors that allow growth.
what are behavior cusps compared to keystone behaviors?
behavior cusps are broader while keystone behaviors are more specific.
what is response maintenance?
continuation of the behavior over time after the program has been terminated.
what is the transfer of behavior across situations and settings?
carryover of the behavior change to settings or places other than the setting in which the intervention was conducted.
what is response generalization?
changes in behaviors other than those specifically included in the intervention program.
what does it mean if behavior is disappearing during the intervention (particularly in the ABAB experiment)?
may provide a preview of coming attractions, namely, the loss of the acquired behavior once the behavior-change program has been terminated.
when responses are maintained after reinforcing or other consequences have been withdrawn, the reason usually is blank.
unclear.