Social Effects on Behavior Flashcards
Social Loafing
people tend to work less hard in group settings
Bystander Effect
people tend to not offer help to someone if other bystanders are present
Deindividuation
loss of sense of self-awareness in a large group
Group Polarization
group of people will arrive at a final opinion that is more extreme than the initial opinions of the group members
Groupthink
irrational decisions made within a group due to pressures towards group and individual harmony
Conformity
when someones behavior, beliefs, or thinking changes to line up with the perspectives of others
Internalization
genuine change in someones beliefs
Compliance (in conformity)
person conforms externally but internally dissents
Identification
person’s beliefs change only in the presence of the group
Compliance (outside of conformity)
response to requests from someone with no power to enforce requests
Foot-in-the-door Technique (compliance technique)
making a small request, followed by a larger request
Door-in-the-face Technique (compliance technique)
making a larger request you know will be rejected and then making a smaller request (the request you wanted all along)
Lowball Technique (compliance technique)
offering a low price, only to raise it at the last minute
Obedience
change in behavior in response to a direct request from someone with power to reinforce it
Social Norms
rules, spoken or unspoken, that regulate behavior, beliefs, attitudes, and values of members in society
Social Control
way norms are taught, enforced and perpetuated
Deviance
when someone doesn’t follow a norm
Formal Social Norm
encoded somewhere with specific penalties for violations
Informal Social Norm
not written down; simply expectations with no fixed penalties for violating them
Folkaways
insignificant informal norms that involve small details
Mores
informal norms which incur severe disapproval when violated
Taboos
even more restrictive than mores, generate extreme disapproval
Sanctions
punishment/negative consequences for violating a social norm or rewards for following one
Differential Association Theory
views deviance as behavior that is learned socially
Labelling Approach
focuses on how behavior is effected by being labeled as. a deviant
Primary Deviance
deviant acts committed before being labeled
Secondary Deviance
deviant acts committed after being labeled, partially in reaction to being labeled, treated more harshly
Strain Theory
focuses on the role of social and economic pressure towards deviance
Socialization
how we learn informal and formal norms by interacting with other people and insitutions
Fads
new behavior that suddenly becomes extremely popular then fades
Mass Hysteria
irrational fear of perceived threat, veering on the point of collective decision
Riots
spontaneous episodes of civil disorder
Group Deviance
seriousness depends on norms that are violated
