Motivation and Attitude

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

underlying purpose for our actions

Question 2

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 2

internal factors drive behavior, more self sustainable

Question 3

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 3

external factors drive behaviors, ex. money

Question 4

Instincts

Answer 4

hardwired, fixed behavioral patterns

Question 5

Drive

Answer 5

an excitatory state produced by a homeostatic disturbance

Question 6

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 6

motivation comes from a desire to return to homeostasis

Question 7

Primary Drives

Answer 7

basic, biologically grounded needs

Question 8

Secondary Drives

Answer 8

less basic needs

Question 9

Psychological Arousal

Answer 9

people are motivated to engage in actions that optimize psychological arousal

Question 10

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 10

performance at various tasks is optimized at medium levels of arousal

Question 11

Incentive Theory

Answer 11

humans respond to external incentives

Question 12

Primary Reinforcers

Answer 12

rewards that respond to basic physiological needs

Question 13

Secondary Reinforcers

Answer 13

psychologically complex concepts (recognition/appreciation)

Question 14

Expectancy-Value Theory

Answer 14

motivation is a reflection of the balance between expectancies (how successful we think we will be at a task) and values (whether the task is seen as worthwhile)

Question 15

Self-Determination Theory

Answer 15

emphasis placed in intrinsic motivation

Question 16

Opponent-Processing Theory

Answer 16

if a certain experience initially provokes an intense reaction, the opposite reaction then tends to predominate after a certain time

Question 17

Attitudes

Answer 17

psychological orientations that people have towards another person, activity or topic in general

Question 18

Role-Playing

Answer 18

simulating certain behaviors can shape one’s attitude

Question 19

Thomas Theorem

Answer 19

if people define situations as real, those situations have real consequences

Question 20

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer 20

the discrepancy when a certain attitude or behavior is confronted with conflicting evidence

Question 21

Central Route of Processing

Answer 21

rational decisions based on advantages and disadvantages of choice

Question 22

Peripheral Route of Processing

Answer 22

superficial decisions based on gut reactions and surface-level characteristics

Question 23

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 23

modeling desired attitudes and behaviors can be a strong method of changing attitudes