Personality Flashcards
Erikson’s 1st Stage
Trust v Mistrust
age 0-1
Erikson’s 2nd Stage
Autonomy v Shame/Doubt
age 1-3
Erikson’s 3rd Stage
Initiative v Guilt
age 3-6
Erikson’s 4th Stage
Industry v Inferiority
age 6-12
Erikson’s 5th Stage
Identity v Role Confusion
age 12-20
Erikson’s 6th Stage
Intimacy v Isolation
age 20-39
Erikson’s 7th Stage
Generativity v Stagnation
age 39-65
Erikson’s 8th Stage
Integrity v Despair
age 65+
Main Tenant of Erikson’s Stages
resolving key conflicts throughout life is necessary for healthy development
Kohlberg’s Main Tenant
how people reason about moral choices provides information about how they view themselves
Kohlberg’s 1st Pre-conventional Stage of Morality
obedience
Obedience as a Stage of Morality
self oriented perspective that focuses on the negative consequence for disobeying a rule
Kohlberg’s 2nd Pre-conventional Stage of Morality
Self-interest
Self-Interest as a Stage of Morality
self oriented perspective focused on achieving benefits or rewards
Kohlberg’s 1st Conventional Stage of Morality
Conformity
Conformity as a Stage of Morality
concerned with the approval of others based on social expectations
Kohlberg’s 2nd Conventional Stage of Morality
Law and Order
Law and Order as a Stage of Morality
the understanding that social expectations and rules help ensure a stable society as a whole
Kohlberg’s 1st Post-Conventional Stage
Social Contract
Social Contract as a Moral Stage
laws are seen as ways to reinforce the greater good through a complex network of interrelated right and responsibilities
Kohlberg’s 2nd Post-Conventional Stage
Universal Human Ethics
Universal Human Ethics as a Moral Stage
individuals can make abstract ethical judgements and engage in reasoning based on justice
Id
bundle of basic, unconscious urges
pleasure principle
Ego
component of personality that interacts with the world and makes decisions
ethical principle
Superego
focuses on what we are supposed to do and the ideal version of ourselves
drives us to perfection
Regression
returning to an earlier developmental stage
reaction formation
an unconscious tans-mutation of unacceptable desires into their opposite
Displacement
transferring a desire from an unacceptable object to a more acceptable one
Sublimation
redirection of desires that are felt to be unacceptable or inappropriate into another behavior
Projection
an individual attributes unwanted or uncomfortable feelings or behavior to someone else
Rationalization
coming up with excuses for feelings for behaviors that we consider problamatic
Supression
conscious attempts to disregard uncomfortable feelings
Repression
unconscious suppression of uncomfortable feelings
Psychologist for Behaviorism
Skinner
Main Tenants of Behaviorism
observable behavior and learning comprise the sole reliable sources of knowledge about humans
rejection of emotions and self-image
Humanistic Psychology
emphasizes the importance of empathy
interested in self-actualization
Trait Theories
reduce personalities into a limited set of traits that combine in different ways
Big 5 Theory Traits
openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism
PEN Model Traits
Psychoticism
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Social Cognitive Perspective Psychologist
Bandura
Reciprocal Determinism
our behaviors, choices and personalities influence each other
Symbolic Interaction Psychologist
Mead
Symbolic Interaction
development involves the interplay between the “I” (internal self) and the “me” (version of the self the environment reflects back)
Oral Stage of Psychosexual Perpective
age 0-1
fixation leads to immature passive personality and oral based tics (gum chewing and smoking)
Anal Stage of Psychosexual Perspective
age 1-3
frustration/fixation can lead to anal-related personality or anal expulsive personality
Phallic Stage of Psychosexual Perspective
age 3-6
boys experience “oedipus complex”
girls experience “electra complex”
Latency Stage of Psychosexual Perspective
age 6-puberty
fixation can lead to lack of sexual fulfillment
Genital Stage of Psychosexual Perspective
age puberty-death
fixation can cause a lack of sexual desire or difficulties engaging in sex
