Social disadvantage Flashcards
What early language interventions may be implemented in low socio-economic contexts?
- talking time
- talk boost
- nuffield early language intervention
What mother child interaction features are suggested to be related to social disadvantage?
- quantity of CDS from caregiver
- mother’s sensitivity
- measurable quality of mother child interactions
What measures may be used to assess socioeconomic status?
- post code data
- means tested income measures
- mothers who completed last year of school
- family literacy measures
- estimation of number of books in the home
- poverty line
What are the UK poverty statistics?
- 1 in 5
- 29% of children (4.2 mill)
- estimated 14.4 million
- 24% for families with a disabled member
- highest where head of household is pakastani or Bangladeshi
- lowest for white ethnic groups
-1/5 poor households, and 1/4 on universal credits are in food poverty
What is financial capital?
- income
- disposable income
- wealth
- security
What is cultural capital?
- ‘entwined with wider privilege’
- debated
What is bonding social capital?
- derived from relationships between similar persons
What is bridging social capital?
derived from dissimilar persons in the same level of hierarchy
What is linking social capital?
relationships between persons across levels of hierarchy and power
What is habitus?
- the way that people perceive and respond to the social world they inhabit
- how we pass on our advantages and disadvantages
Which pupils are defined as disadvantaged?
- if eligible for free school meals at any point
- if recorded as being looked after for at least one day
- if they are recorded as being adopted from care
What does the research suggest about the relationship between SES and education?
- 1/4 of pupils at end of key stage 4 are ‘disadvantaged’
- 45% of student acheive grade c or higher in english and maths - 27% of those are disadvantaged
- of boys elligible for free school meals - those from mixed white/black-carribean, and gypsy/roma families had lowest grades
- of girls, those from white british backgrouds also ranked lowesd inenglish and maths alsongside main ethnic groups
What is the relationship between SES and language development?
- consisdered to be associated with language delay
- language delay has imp impact on school readiness
What is positionality?
- social and political context that creates your identity in terms of race, class, gender, sexuality, and ability status
- how your identity influences and potentially biases your understanding and outlook of the world
What did Fernald, Marchman, and Weisleder (2013) find?
at 24mo, there was a 6mo gap between SES groups in processing skills critical to language development
What did Levine et al (2018) find
effect of SES is significant for vocab, syntax, and language processing skills
Maternal language input has consequences for…
- childs vocab, syntax and language processing skills
- cognitive skills like excecutive function
- maths skills
- social skills
What did Zubrick et al., (2007) find?
- risk for late language development at 24mo not associated with parental education, socioeconomic resources, parental mental health,parenting practices, or family functioning
- sig predictors: familial history of LLE, male, early neurobiological growth
What did the Victoria Language Study find?
risk factors at 2yo accounted for small amount of variance in language outcomes
What are the proposed explanations for differences in language competence within social disadvantage?
- maternal education
- quantity of CDS from primary caregiver
- mother’s sensitivity
- measurable quality of mother-child interactions
How is language socialisation different across cultures?
- CDS and reciprocal interactions are anomalous across the world’s cultures
- children in cultures with little direct interactions with infants still reach milestones at similar rates
- matenal language input varies greatly in quality and quantity across cultures
- there is a question over whether these children learn language through different processes
What do intervention studies often focus on?
- changing language environment despite lack of evidence for what is an appropriate environments
- there are arguments that these interventions may do more harm than good
What was Hart and Risely’s study (1995)?
- longitudinal study of expressive language of 42 mother child pairs from varying socioeconimic backgrounds US
- observed every month for 2 1/2 yrs
- 1 hr in home
- session transcribed and analysed
What were the findings of Hart and Risely (1995)?
- children from low SES families use smaller number and range of words than high SES
- high SES families heard 2100 words per hour vs 600 low SES
What were the limitations of Hart and Risely’s study (1995)?
- major recruitment bias
- non-words and over heard speech not counted
- noted that all children seemed fully competent in play and could explain and elaborate
Describe Sperry, Sperry, and Miller’s study (2019)
- replicated Hart and Risely’ study
- ethnographically informed (get to know families to reduce observation bias)
- concluded no word gap when including multiple caregivers and overheard talk
What are the issues with studying language variation?
- socioliguistics have a very different view of language development in relation to SES
- lack of cross disciplinary collaboration
- social and cultural aspects are over simplified
- speakers are rarely engaged in research process
