Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Developmental differences > Autism Spectrum Disorder > Flashcards

Autism Spectrum Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most popular ways to refer to ASD?

A
  • autism
  • autistic
  • brain difference
  • difficulties
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the issues with the ASD diagnostic criteria?

A
  • focuses heavily on impairment
    -has faced criticism for pathologising neurodivergent characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The DSM-V definition is broken down into…

A

A, B, C, D, and E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Section A of the DSM-V criteria is..

A

persistent difficulties in social communication and interaction across multiple contexts with
1. deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
2. deficits in non-verbal communicative behaviours in social interactions
3. deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Section B of the DSM-V criteria is…

A

Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities, with at least 2 of:
1. stereotyped repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
2. insitence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualised patterns of verbal and non-verbal behaviour
3. highly restricted, fixed interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
4. hyper or hypo-reactivity to sensory inputs or unusual interests in sensory aspects of environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Section C of the DSM-V criteria is…

A

Symptoms must be present in early developmental period (may not fully manifest until social demands exceed limited capacity, or may be masked in later life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Section D of the DSM-V criteria is…

A

Symptoms clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Section E of the DSM-V criteria is…

A

These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When was ASD first identified?

A

1940s by Leo Kanner - identified as a behavioural syndrome with no variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What did early ASD research attempt to do?

A
  • see if ASD could be distinguished from childhood schizophrenia, hearing impairments, chromosomal learning disabilities
  • autism continuum and triad of impairment to explain variation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the important differences in the DSM-III criteria?

A
  • pervasive lack of responsiveness to others
  • gross deficits in language development
  • absence of delusions/hallucinations
  • 75% diagnosed with intellectual disability - seen as part of autism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the prevalence of ASD in 1980s

A
  • 6 in 10,000
  • 5-10:1 male:female
  • underdiagnosed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was the prevalence of ASD in 2018?

A
  • 1 in 100
  • 3:1 male:female
  • over diagnosed???
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What were the findings of Russel et al. (2021)

A
  • 787% increase in recorded incidences between 1980-2018
  • increase greater in females
  • likely due to increased reporting and application of critera
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What did the triad of impairment consist of (1988)?

A
  1. socialisation - impaired, deviant, and extremely delayed social development
  2. communication - impaired and deviant language and communication
  3. imagination - rigidity of thought and behaviour, and poor imagination skills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What differences in socialisation were noted in the triad?

A
  • lack of ability to understand and interpret social signals and behaviours
  • lack of reciprocal interests in others
  • can result in social withdrawal, isolation, alienation
17
Q

What were Wing and Gould’s (1979) contribution to socialisation in the triad?

A
  • some ‘socially passive’
  • some actively social in unusual way
  • some appear disinterested in others entirely
  • some interested in others in stilted/formal manner
18
Q

What behaviours were used as evidence of impaired socialisation?

A
  • unusual eye gaze
  • atypical body posture
  • problems with proxemics
  • absent/deviant use of gesture
  • unusual facial expression
19
Q

What communication difficulties might there be in the triad?

A
  • some do not use spoken language at all to communicate
  • some may not use language effectively
  • some may be competent communicators who experience difficulties in other aspects
20
Q

How might language be used differently in ASD?

A
  • echolalian and gestalt learning processing
  • perserveration
  • stereotyped and idiosyncratic language
  • neologism/jargon
  • pronoun reversal
  • often unusual rhythm, intonation, and stress
  • inferential use of language is an area of significant need
21
Q

How might imagination be different in the triad?

A
  • appear delayed in pretend and pre-symbolic play
  • older children may play imaginatively, but in an unusual or routinised way
  • stereotypes repetitive behaviours which can be simple or complex
  • ‘obsessive interests’ or factual knowledge
22
Q

What behaviour was noted in 1944 for Aspergers syndrome?

A
  • restricted and repetitive interests
  • used language in unusual and overly formal ways
  • appeared physically and socially clumsy
  • intellectually able
23
Q

What were the controversies of Aspergers?

A
  • fuzziness over if same as high functioning autism
  • disorder or difference
  • Nazi influences
  • no longer formally recognised in DSM-V

Developmental differences (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions