Complex vulnerabilities Flashcards
Define childhood psychiatric disorder
- children who show severe impairments in their behaviour, development, learning, mood, and social functioning which cannot be adequately explained by primary medical factors alone
- diagnosed by psychiatrists, paediatricians, and clinical psychologists
When was SEMH introduced?
2014 by the SEND code of practise
What did SEMH replace?
- behaviour social emotional development (BESD)
- emotional and behaviour difficulties (EBD)
What is the developmental theory of social-emotional development and competence?
- complex psychological construct
- generally, children are able to positively engage with those around them and regulate their emotions and how they are expressed
- a foundation for engagement and learning
- interacts with other areas of development
How does a child show social competence?
child engages appropriately in social interactions
How does a child show attachment?
child established a secure attachment with primary caregiver from birth
How does a child show emotional competence?
child aware of their emotions and those of others and are able to manage and express these emotions
How does a child show self perceived competence?
child is aware of their own strengths and weaknesses in relation to their peers and are bale to use this in their own motivations
How does a child show temperament?
child’s intrinsic personality in how they react to experiences and manage them
How might social competence impact communication?
children need to be competent communicators with adequate and appropriate social communication skills to engage appropriately in social interaction
How might attachment impact communication?
infants need the pre-requisite intent to be communicative and encourage their caregivers to communicate with them, as well as caregivers who have the capacity to be communicative and emotional with the infant
How might emotional competence impact communication?
child needs to learn the vocab of emotions and how the vocab maps onto the emotions to understand and express them
How might self perceived competence impact communication?
children need to be effective communicators who have strengths in effective interactions, friendships, and relationships
How might temperament impact communication?
children have different temperaments often expressed through being shy, quiet, or more talkative and communicatively competent
What is attachment?
the process by which a caregiver establishes a relationship with the child which makes the child feel safe, secure, and protected
What is a secure attachment?
the foundation of a childs development in terms of psychosocial adjustment
How might attachment be disrupted?
by seriously inadequate caregiving environments such as severe neglect, emotional, and physical abuse
What are the defining features of ADHD?
- impulsiveness
-inattention - hyperactivity
What is hyperkinetic disorder?
sometimes used to describe children with more severe symptoms (usually in the hyperactivity domain)
How is ADHD diagnosed?
- behaviours must be present before age 12
- behaviours negatively impact child over multiple domains of life
- difficulties in psychosocial functioning
What changes are there to the DSM-V ADHD definition?
- recognition that ADHD continues to adult life
- symptoms must be present before 12yrs (previously 7)
- recognises comorbidity
What is the prevalence of ADHD?
- estimated 5% of under 18s in Uk - maybe higher
-boys more frequently diagnosed - often diagnosed in the presence of other developmental disorders
What are the risk factors for ADHD?
- mix of genetic and environmental factors
-extreme early life adversity - pre and post natal exposure to lead
- low birth weight/prem
What ways might ADHD be managed?
- medical
- psychological
- parent/carer support
- school based interventions
What are some of the partial explanations for why SLC commonly occurs with ADHD?
- comorbidity of neurodevelopmental disorders
- can often have mild leaning disability impacting language learning
- difficulties in attention impact how well listen to environment and learn language
- difficulties with impulsivity can impact social communication
What is the DSM-V criteria for selective mutism?
-consistent failure to speak in specific social situations where there is an expectation for speaking despite speaking on other situations
- interferes with education/occupation acheivement/ social communication
- must last at least one month (not 1st month of school)
- not due to lack of knowledge or comfort of language
- not better explained by communication disorder
What is the prevalence of selective mutism?
- usually starts age 2-5
- approx 1 in 140 children under 8
- comorbidity common
- slightly more common in girls
What are the main domains of anxiety?
- apprehension
- motor tension
- autonomic activity
How is selective mutism managed?
- non-pharmacological interventions
- reduce anxiety about talking
- desensitise child to talking to increase confidence by considering childs communication load, and load of communication task
What are the stages of confident speaking?
- no communication or participation
- cooperation but limited communication
- visual but non verbal communication
- can use non verbal sounds
- can speak within earshot of someone
- single words with certain people
- connected speech with certain people
- generalising to others
- communicating freely
