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Social development Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 parenting styles?

A

Authoritative

Authoritarian

Uninvolved

Permissive

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2
Q

What defines Authoritative parenting?

A

High warmth, responsiveness

high demands, control

“high expectation” “lets talk about it”

(top right)

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3
Q

What defines Authoritarian parenting?

A

High control, demand

Low warmth responsiveness

“because I said so”, emotionally distant, punishment

(lower right)

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4
Q

What defines uninvolved parents?

A

low control, demand

Low Warmth, responsiveness

“You are on your own” Absent

(bottom left)

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5
Q

What defines permissive parents?

A

High warmth / responsivnes

low control/ demands

“you are the boss”
“few rules”

(top left)

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6
Q

What is associated with the children of Authoritative parents?

A

Positive outcomes

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7
Q

What is associated with the children of Authoritarian parents?

A

Children tend to be anxious, easily upset and low in self confidence

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8
Q

What is associated with the children of permissive parents

A

Low levels of control in the presence of a warm and supportive relationship

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9
Q

What is associated with the children of Uninvolved parents?

A

Most negative outcomes

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10
Q

why might problems arise if the temperament of the child does not match the parenting style?

A

the developmental process is transactional and requires them to work together, in this case to change the parenting style.

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11
Q

What can be said about growing up with siblings?

A

Arrival of a younger sibling can be a difficult period for most preschoolers

Within one year even if there are problems before that an older sibling can become a surrogate attachment figure for the younger child

Siblings closer in age engage and facilitates each others development

Sibling rivalry and support increase during middle childhood and drop of during adolescence

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12
Q

What impact do parents have on sibling relationships?

A

successful parentings also enhance positive sibling relations

however differential treatment by parents is a strong predictor of difficulty in sibling relationships

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13
Q

How do Single children differ from those with siblings?

A

higher self esteem, achievement motivation and do better in school and education but with lower conflict resolution skills and often lead to peer problems

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14
Q

what is a typical cultural difference in the family structure?

A

cross culturally the perspective of families might differ and families might live generationally together.

This provides more surrogate attachment figures for the child

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15
Q

How does divorce impact children?

A

its always a negative reaction, they are not old enough to view things from something else then a egocentrically point of view

This can be a trauma that stays with the person well into adulthood

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16
Q

adjusting to a remarried parent and blended families can be shaky.

Are there any positive outcomes or special cases?

A

Step parents can have a lot of positive influence on children who have just experienced divorce

Particularly hard for girls adjusting to step fathers

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17
Q

what single parents are the “best” ?

A

single mothers by choice may not face the same developmental risks as others

18
Q

How can adoption play a part in child development?

A

Before the age of 6m if they are adopted they show no difference

19
Q

What effect can infants in foster care experience?

A

many have serious medical problems, disabilities and developmental delays

20
Q

State a few forms of child maltreatment

A

physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional abuse

21
Q

What makes someone a target for abuse?

A

Kids that are harder to raise are more likely to become targets

22
Q

What is often true for maltreating parents and what dose that imply for the continuation of maltreatment?

A

They are less skillful in handling disciplining confrontations and getting children to cooperate

Once abuse begins it quickly becomes self sustaining as the child responds to the abuse

23
Q

what is a cultural aspect of maltreating?

A

some societies view violence as an appropriate way to solve problems, this sets the stage for child abuse

24
Q

What are the consequences of maltreatment on the child?

A

impaired development of attention, emotional self regulation, empathy, sympathy, self concept, social sills and academic self motivation.

25
Q

What are some types of play?

A

functional, constructive, pretend or games with rules

26
Q

Types of play can also be organized into social parts

A

Onlooker, solitary, parallel, associative and cooperative play.

27
Q

What is friendship?

A

desire to spend time with one another and give and take and share positive emotions

28
Q

from 4-7 years children can be “handy playmates” what defines this friendship?

A

does not yet have long term enduring quality and can dissolve upon disagreements

29
Q

from 8-10 years what defines childrens friendships?

A

Mutual trust and assistance

30
Q

from 11-15 years what defines childrens friendships?

A

Intimacy, mutual understanding and loyalty, its now something formed over time

31
Q

What is the general change in friendships over the years?

A

Children grow increasingly selective with friends as they grow older

the friendship stability becomes less and less dependent on the constancy of the social environment

32
Q

What is an important factor in friendship?

A

Similarity, first it can be similarity in behavior and interests

33
Q

What is a gendered perspective on friendship?

A

girls generally have more emotional closeness than boys

34
Q

What are the elements of a successful friendship?

A

Finding common ground activates, communicating clearly, exchanging information, resolving conflicts and self disclosure

35
Q

What is peer acceptance?

A

to what extent a child is viewed as a social worthy partner by a group of agemates

36
Q

What defines Popular children and what types of popular children are there?

A

Popular children can be grouped into two distinct groups

Prosocial popular: prince charming - combine academic and social competence

Popular antisocial: bully - tough kids that are relationally aggressive children - often viewed as cool because of their athletic abilities or devious social skills
(in vs out group dynamic) - Popularity reduces with age for this group.

37
Q

What defines “rejected children” and what are they types of rejected children

A

they can be grouped into two groups

Rejected aggressive: Show high rates of conflict, physical and relational aggression. hyperactive, inattentive and impulsive behavior
(angry ADHD kids)

Rejected Withdrawn: Passive and socially awkward

both are likely to be bullied but particularly withdrawn

38
Q

What defines controversial children?

A

They are hostile and disruptive but also positive and prosocial
(jacob ugurdur + jack typ)

39
Q

What defines “Neglected children” ?

A

Usually well adjusted although shy

40
Q

What are the characteristics of childhood aggressors?

A

Tend to play with other aggressive peers

Majority are disliked by peers (viktigt)

A majority have observed a significant amount of adult conflict and aggression

parents are permissive and even encourage assertion in form of aggression

Low in perspective taking skills and moral development (viktigt)

41
Q

What define children who are victims of peer abuse?

A

we can divide them into two groups

Passive victims:
Socially withdrawn and anxious children who appear to have done nothing to trigger the abuse

Provocative victims:
Restless, hot tempered and oppositional children who are victimized because they are disliked and often irritate peers

42
Q

What intervention can be taken?

A

assertiveness training and social skill training

Developmental psychology (7 decks)

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