Cross-cultural developmental psychology

Question 1

What is cross cultural psychology

Answer 1

Studies of similarity and differences in individual psychology and social functioning

seek universal principles

Collect data across multiple cultures

Question 2

what is a cruch often found in cross cultural studies?

Answer 2

reliance on a single dimension for explanation

individualistic vs collectivistic

Question 3

What is Cultural psychology

Answer 3

culture is internal to the person.

methods are ethnographic.

Study differences from their own culture

Question 4

What is indigenous psychology?

Answer 4

non western research, not looking for universals but instead for culture as a psychological system

focus on psychological understanding built upon their cultural resources

Question 5

What is the basic premise Ethnocentrism?

Answer 5

Tendency to hold up one’s own group as standard seeing it as superior to others

Question 6

What is Etic approach?

Answer 6

investigating characteristics of multiple cultures

(universals)

“everyone wants an intelligent child”

Question 7

What is the Emic approach?

Answer 7

study of particular culture,

“what is inteligence in this culture”

Culture specific truth

Question 8

What are the cultural Dimensions of study?

Answer 8

Individualism collectivism

power distance

uncertainty avoidance

masculinity femininity

long term orientation

Question 9

What are some Methodological concerns?

Answer 9

Lack of equivalence (similarity in conceptual meaning) in empirical study not allowing for meaningful comparison

Interpretation across the entire sample can lead to assumption of homogeneity among group members perpetuating stereotypes

Non cultural demographic equivalence: picking students from sweden vs 45 year olds from canada to do a comparison

Question 10

What is cultural respons set?

Answer 10

The tendency of members of a culture to use certain parts of the scale when responding

Question 11

What method can be used to saveproof for linguistic equivalence?

Answer 11

back translation - translate the word then translate it back. is it the same word?

the point here is that the words has the same “vibe” in both languages

Question 12

what do we mean when we talk about inferential statistics vs effect size interpretation?

Answer 12

is the findings truly relevant for the amount of people participating

Question 13

Child development across culture, what can differ?

Answer 13

Physical setting and conditions

Child care customs

Child raising beliefs and goals

Question 14

Piaget’s theory is often criticized for lacking cultural perspective but what part has been found to be universal?

Answer 14

The sensorimotor stage seems to be universal

Question 15

when looking att attention deployment strategies what can be seen as universal and what is cultural specific?

Answer 15

it starts at the same time but western kids focus on one thing at a time while children in collectivistic cultures looked at all items together

Question 16

The onset of autobiographical memory is also universal but cultural specific, why?

Answer 16

while this happens around the same time for children its earlier in western individualistic cultures and when its developed in collectivistic cultures its usually different. remembering things in context of other while wester kids remember things from themselves

Probably as a result of parent child conversation variation.

Question 17

what are the stages in Erikson’s stages of psycho social development

Answer 17

Stage 1: trust vs mistrust (universal)

Stage 2: Autonomy vs shame/doubt
(presence universal but not the value, no shame in lack of autonomy in collectivistic cultures)

Stage 3: Initiative vs Guilt
(Universal presence but different values)

Stage 4: Industry vs inferiority
(self evaluation universal but criteria differ)*

Stage 5: Adolescent identity crisis
(Universal but not timing, might take a lot longer in collectivistic cultures)

Question 18

why is the link of attachment and dependency more primary in non western cultures?

Answer 18

In individualistic cultures
Secure attachments enables exploration in safety

collectivistic cultures with attachment will bring the child with them, therefore dependency is more primary

Question 19

What is important to understand about optimality?

Answer 19

no single pattern of optimal functioning across cultures

Question 20

temeperament in a cross cultural perspective. why is rothbarn better than thomas and chess?

Answer 20

Thomas and chess have value laden categories that are not applicable across cultures while Roth barts can be used, Extroversion, negative affectivity and effortful control