Cross-cultural developmental psychology Flashcards
What is cross cultural psychology
Studies of similarity and differences in individual psychology and social functioning
seek universal principles
Collect data across multiple cultures
what is a cruch often found in cross cultural studies?
reliance on a single dimension for explanation
individualistic vs collectivistic
What is Cultural psychology
culture is internal to the person.
methods are ethnographic.
Study differences from their own culture
What is indigenous psychology?
non western research, not looking for universals but instead for culture as a psychological system
focus on psychological understanding built upon their cultural resources
What is the basic premise Ethnocentrism?
Tendency to hold up one’s own group as standard seeing it as superior to others
What is Etic approach?
investigating characteristics of multiple cultures
(universals)
“everyone wants an intelligent child”
What is the Emic approach?
study of particular culture,
“what is inteligence in this culture”
Culture specific truth
What are the cultural Dimensions of study?
Individualism collectivism
power distance
uncertainty avoidance
masculinity femininity
long term orientation
What are some Methodological concerns?
Lack of equivalence (similarity in conceptual meaning) in empirical study not allowing for meaningful comparison
Interpretation across the entire sample can lead to assumption of homogeneity among group members perpetuating stereotypes
Non cultural demographic equivalence: picking students from sweden vs 45 year olds from canada to do a comparison
What is cultural respons set?
The tendency of members of a culture to use certain parts of the scale when responding
What method can be used to saveproof for linguistic equivalence?
back translation - translate the word then translate it back. is it the same word?
the point here is that the words has the same “vibe” in both languages
what do we mean when we talk about inferential statistics vs effect size interpretation?
is the findings truly relevant for the amount of people participating
Child development across culture, what can differ?
Physical setting and conditions
Child care customs
Child raising beliefs and goals
Piaget’s theory is often criticized for lacking cultural perspective but what part has been found to be universal?
The sensorimotor stage seems to be universal
when looking att attention deployment strategies what can be seen as universal and what is cultural specific?
it starts at the same time but western kids focus on one thing at a time while children in collectivistic cultures looked at all items together
The onset of autobiographical memory is also universal but cultural specific, why?
while this happens around the same time for children its earlier in western individualistic cultures and when its developed in collectivistic cultures its usually different. remembering things in context of other while wester kids remember things from themselves
Probably as a result of parent child conversation variation.
what are the stages in Erikson’s stages of psycho social development
Stage 1: trust vs mistrust (universal)
Stage 2: Autonomy vs shame/doubt
(presence universal but not the value, no shame in lack of autonomy in collectivistic cultures)
Stage 3: Initiative vs Guilt
(Universal presence but different values)
Stage 4: Industry vs inferiority
(self evaluation universal but criteria differ)*
Stage 5: Adolescent identity crisis
(Universal but not timing, might take a lot longer in collectivistic cultures)
why is the link of attachment and dependency more primary in non western cultures?
In individualistic cultures
Secure attachments enables exploration in safety
collectivistic cultures with attachment will bring the child with them, therefore dependency is more primary
What is important to understand about optimality?
no single pattern of optimal functioning across cultures
temeperament in a cross cultural perspective. why is rothbarn better than thomas and chess?
Thomas and chess have value laden categories that are not applicable across cultures while Roth barts can be used, Extroversion, negative affectivity and effortful control
