Social Cognition Flashcards
Social psychology
area of psychology about how people’s thoughts, feeling and behaviours are influenced by the perception of others
Social cognition
the way people interpret themselves and others socially
A model of attitudes that shows that we have three components towards attitude
ABC model of attitudes
What is the ABC of the ABC model of attitudes
affective, behavioural, cognitive
A state of emotion discomfort that people experience when their actions do not reflect their beliefs
cognitive dissonance
Implicit expectations are our what towards a situation?
Attitudes, emotions considered acepatble
In cogitivie dissonance what do we change?
Our beliefs
Our explicit expectations our are what towards a situation?
actions
A theory that suggests that people who are uncertain in their attitudes decide on which attitude to take based on observations of their own behaviour. Reinforces the idea that actions are more influential the attitudes
Self-perception theory
A factor that causes people to lie about their attitudes to be more in line with what is socially acceptable. This steams from a fear of judgement.
Social desirabilitiy factor
Attitudes that people are not aware that they have
implicit attitudes
Implicit Association test
a test designed to find people’s implicit associations by seeing if they associate certain types of people as pleasant faster then others
A fixed overgeneralization of a person or group based on assumptions
Stereotype
Negative feelings towards a group based on stereotypes.
Prejudice
Negative behaviours directed at a group based on prejudice
discrimination
Evolutionary Psychology Theory on Prejudice
People are evolutionarily primed to favour their group and catagorize people based on the surperficial because it help identify who is a friend and foe.
Realistic Conflict Theory
Conflict arrises between two groups due to the fight for resources.
A theory that believes that people can sometimes see themselves as a member of the group and not as individuals due to not having their identity.
Social Identity theory
Social Identity theory and the emergance of predjudice steps
- Categorizing yourself as part of a group to figure out how to react to the world
- Claiming your identity as the group.
- Favouring your group while negatively compairing others.
emphasisng the message of the persuasion using facts and logic
central route
emphasizing the superficial information when persuading
peripheral route
Milgram’s study
in this study Milgram tried to see how far a person would hurt another when under orders
Authority compliance factors (Milgram)
- Authority close, victim distant
- Authority has respect or prestige, victim dehumanized
- Authority is seen as a leader, no role model for disobeying
Situation factors (Milgram)
- Slow escalation of demands
- Responsibility is on someone else
- Evaluation
- Responce to wrong anwser from victim
Having someone agree to a small request and then asking for a bigger request
Foot in the door
Asking for a huge request then asking for a smaller one
door in the face
Making a very attractive intial offer then making the terms less favourable after they agree
low ball
Making a large proposition that’s not attractive then making the request more attractive
That’s not all
Peripharal or Affect factors of persuasion
- Likabile source
- Offering comfort to avoid fear
- Automatic response to offer
Central or cognitive factors of persuasion
- Credible source
- Message is appealing
- Might need some time to think about offer
Causal explainations of behaviour
attributions
The tendency to use dispositional (traits) as reasoning for behaviour
Fundamental attribution error
Two types of attributions
- Dispositional (traits)
- Situational (environment)
Actors then to make situation attributions about our own behaviour, but make dispositional attributions about other people
actor-observer effect
The tendency to attribute their successes to dispositional factors while their failiures to situational factors
self-serving bias
