History of psychology Flashcards
Psychology
The study of mental processes and behaviour
Angles of investigation into psychology
Measuring, scientific inference, and sensation
How is psychology a science
Empirically investigating questions using experiments, the scientific method and theories
Measuring
Using physics and numbers to get accurate measurements and make observations
Scientific inference
using the scientific method to create evidence based theories
Sensation
how people experience their reality
Main goals of psychology
Describe, explain, predict, and control
Describe
Specific descriptions of mental processes and behavior in scientific terms
Explain
Why is something happening
Predict
to be able to say when somthing will happen
Control
ablility to change or control a behaviour or mental process
Socio-cultural
The influence that society and culture has on our behaviour. A field of study focuing on how everything around us changes us and how we change it.
Wilhelm Wundt
A structuralist and a founder of psychology.
Structuralism
The investigation into the sensory experience using a technique called introspection.
Introspection
The major flaw of structuralism, this technique involves looking inward to break down the basic parts of mental processes. But it is unreliable because observations are different from person to person
Functionalism
Function of mental processes and why the ability evolved. The investigation into how different people view the same thing differently.
William James
wrote principals of psychology to shift views to functionalism from structuralism
The content
Methods of psychology that explore the cognitive or content of the mind.
Bartett and Piaget
Researched the cognitive process of learning
Frameworks
Ways of viewing humans and how we study them.
Psychoanalysis
The study into the unconscious mind and it’s influence
Emotions according to psychoanalysis
Dives, feelings, and affect. Emotions are a combination of learned physical and sensory responses.
Psychoanalytic theory
The theory that describes the mind like an iceburg with us not being aware of most of our decisions.
Behaviouralism
The study of the observable response to a observable stimulus.
Ivan Pavlov
Behaviouralist who studied conditionaling
Edward Thorndike
Behaviouralist who started using animals as models for human behaviour.
John Watson
Pionner of behaviouralism
B.F. Skinner
Behaviouralist who studied reinforcement
Albert Brandura
Behaviouralist who studied role models
Humanistic
The study of the desire to self-improve
Social-Cultural by Lewis
The study into how society interactions affect an individual.
