Methods of psychology Flashcards
Biophycology
The basic of applied health
Cognivite study
The basic of applied forensic
Forensic psychology
The study into the criminal’s though processes
Social
The basic of industrial psychology
Industrial psychology
helping people working together
Developmental
The basic of educational psychology
Personality
the basic of sport psycholgy that studies motivation.
Anecdotal
A case study where observations are catalogued
Empirical
This is work that involves solid evidence found in experiments
Theoretical
Predicting based on observations
Applied
taking a theory and using it to help people
Normative
Quantitative numbers
Ethical conciderations
Informed consent, protection from harm and discomfort, confidentiality, debrefing, inducements
Informed consent
The participant understands what they are being involved in and can withdraw from at moment
Protection from harm and discomfort
Minimizing the physical, psychological and social effects on the participnats
Physical effects
a person cannot experience pain, injury or illness due to the experiment
Psychological effects
a person cannot leave the lab in a more negative state then they arrived in
Social effects
the experiment cannot effect the participant in any social, economic, or legal way.
Confidentiality
the privacy and protection of data which includes encryption, the destruction of records, and crime reporting.
Aggregate
reporting the averages
When to report a crime
If you are witness to a crime to someone who is not capable of reporting it themselves.
Debriefing
Disclosing the purpose of the experiment, ensuring consent and giving contact information
Inducements
Benefits for participating should be in the form of reimbursements, remuneration, and honorariums
R’s of animal research
Replacement, Reduction, Refinement
Replacement
If it is possible use anything but an animal
Reduction
Using less animals, sharing data, limiting number of experiments
Refinement
Minimizing pain, proper care, and having vet techs and veterinarians on site
Animal consent
It is assumed consent if the animal is engaged in the activity. If they are aggressive or fearful then they are removed from the experiment.
Asking a question
asking a question with a purpose to solve or explore one part of a theory. The question should be refined and measurable
Forming Hypothesis
A statement of probability where we aim to disprove ourselves. Based on deductive reasoning and previous research. Should be testable
Design Study
establishing a paradigm for the experiment
Operationalize
Describing a concept in a measurable way. Or defining a construct.
Parsimony
Something that is falsifiable
Laboratory
Controlled and Quantitative experiment
Field Study
Natural and Quantitative experiment
Survey
Controlled and Qualitative experiment
Case Study
Natural and Qualitative experiment
Generalizability
how general is your measurments
Measurements
ways of measuring things are behavioural
Measuring thoughts, feelings and beliefs
Self-reporting, but has a bias limitation
Measuring action or ability
a person’s output, but it is reductionest and behavioural
Measuring events, situations and phenomenon
Documentation, but is up to interpretation
Factor
concept
Variable
number
Independent variable
Factor is manipulated
Dependent variable
outcome is measured
Two dependent variable
finding a relationship
Inferential
Finding the cause and effect
Correlational
Finding the descriptive relationship
Analyzing
finding the changes needed to make other changes
correlation
the numerical relationship between the two variables
Positive correlation
Both go up together
Negative correlation
Inverse
Experimental research
Finding the why and what or cause and effect
Random assignment
making a group as diverse as possible
Random sampling
assignment from the whole world
Between groups
Each group is different and each exposed to one condition
Within groups
one group tow different conditions
Factorial design
more then one independent variable
Multivariant design
More than one dependant variable
Normal distribution
bell shaped curve
Rules of probability
Always end up with a normal curve, sample represents population
Homogeneity
more specific
Sample size
more people crowd around one number
Central tendancy
Number that represents all scores
Variability
The differences in numbers
