Social class inequalities 20 marker SI

Question 1

life chances

Answer 1

the opportunities to achieve the things in life that many people see as desireable such as, good health, housing and being happy with your job

Question 2

Individuals from a working class background are less likely than other classes to have a professional career

Answer 2

• 2.5x less likely
• Bourdieu would support this argument because w/c lack social capital, economic capital and cultural capital

Question 3

There is a class pay gap in professional industries

Answer 3

social mobility commission research found that those from w/c background are paid on average 16% less than those from proffessional backgrounds

Friedman
- unconscious discrimination
- promotions based on ‘right cultural fit’ (accent, leisure activities)
- middle class at an average

Question 4

The working class has less work related benefits and job security than other classes

Answer 4

Barron and Norris - dual labour market

primary = proffessional, high job security, benefits like sick pay

secondary = manual jobs, low job security, ‘zero hour contracts’

Question 5

Income inequality in the UK is too high

Answer 5

• Amazon workers own £11 an hour when Jeff Bezos has £120 million
• working class severly disadvantaged
• middle and upper classes have much higher salaries

Question 6

Define the term class digital divide?

Answer 6

inequality in access to and use of digital technologies according to class

Question 7

Helsper

Answer 7

digital underclass

• those who cant afford access to digital technology
• cant access benefits like education and career services

Question 8

Martens and D’Haenes

Answer 8

• class impacts internet use
• w/c use internet less than middle class
• w/c more likely to use for entertainment

Question 9

What evidence shows that there is class inequality in offending?

Answer 9

Reiner
- w/c bias
- proir to imprisonment, 74% of prisoners were either unemployed or in low paid, unskilled manual job

Question 10

20 marker structure

Answer 10

intro
4x outline paragraphs
conc if time

Question 11

What evidence shows there is class inequality between victims of crime?

Answer 11

Chambliss
- offending is concentrated in the w/c because of the way police operate
- eg more resources are targeted to street crime (blue collar) than tax freud (white collar)
- all classes commit crime

Question 12

How does FSM data show inequalities within education?

Answer 12

• goverment produces data on comparing children who recieve free school meals FSM to those who dont
• In 2022, 29% of FSM pupils attained a grade 5 or above in GCSE maths

Question 13

The lower your income, the higher risk of vicimisation

Answer 13

Kingsey - Merseyside crime survey
- w/c burglary may not be able to afford home insurance

Question 14

What evidence suggests that private school students are overrepresented in the top jobs in society?

Answer 14

Sutton Trust analysed educational background of 5000 people in top jobs

5x molre likely to be privately educated

Question 15

Smith and Nobel

Answer 15

• lack of funds for school supplies for low income families LIF
• children accadmically fall behind middle class peers
• exacberateed by covid
• link between LIF and school absenses