Social Beliefs

Question 1

What are the two systems we use to judge our social world?

Answer 1

Conscious/Unconscious

Question 2

Attempting to influence judgement by activating associations is memory is:

Answer 2

Priming

Question 3

Automatic processing uses:

Answer 3

schemas and emotional reactions

Question 4

When we are eager to seek validation for beliefs, avoid disproving evidence:

Answer 4

Confirmation bias

Question 5

Heuristics are:

Answer 5

simple mental shortcuts based on previous experiences or stereotypes

Question 6

when we are aware of more examples relating to one answer versus another, we use the:

Answer 6

availability heuristic

Question 7

a high level of emotional arousal leads to an increase of using:

Answer 7

heuristics

Question 8

Persistence of your initial conceptions, even after the were discredited:

Answer 8

Belief perseverance

Question 9

When attributing intention or motivation to another person’s negative behaviour, we sometimes fail to:

Answer 9

make situational attributions (physical or social circumstances)

Question 10

The tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on others’ behaviour

Answer 10

The Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 11

3 factors in Kelley’s Covariation Model

Answer 11

Consensus
Consistency
Distinctiveness

Question 12

We are more likely to use Covariation when events are: (3 of 4)

Answer 12

Unexpected
Unpleasant
Novel
Self-relevant

Question 14

What occurs in the actor/observer effect?

Answer 14

We attribute the behaviour of others to their disposition, but do the opposite for our own.

Question 15

What did Dweck discover about praising kids for achievement?

Answer 15

That it led to a fixed mindset and made them more risk averse.

Question 16

What is base rate neglect?

Answer 16

ignoring the numerical frequency of various events when estimating the likelihood

Question 17

Do we assign more weight to negative or positive information?

Answer 17

Negative (cake good, cake +spider makes us like cake less, not spiders more)

Question 18

the process by which expectations about an individual lead that person to engage in ways that confirm our preconception/expectations

Answer 18

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 19

Explain Gilberts two stage model:

Answer 19

We assume the person’s behaviour is due to their personality. This step is quick and automatic.
The second step is to think about the situation the person is in. This requires effort and awareness.

Question 20

A set of factors that people use to determine whether a behaviour is motivated by internal or external factors. (attribution)

Answer 20

Correspondent Inference Theory

Question 21

What are 4 factors from Correspondent Inference Theory?

Answer 21

*Whether the behaviour was freely chosen
*Whether the behaviour was expected or common
*Whether the behaviour has desirable outcomes for the actor (principles of augmenting and discounting)

Question 22

If a behaviour is freely chosen and has poor outcome for a person, the beh is likely to be motivated by…

Answer 22

Internal reasons

Question 23

What are schemas?

Answer 23

Mental Structures that we use to organize knowledge

Question 24

Why are schemas important?

Answer 24

They guide our attention and encoding.
how quickly we notice
what we notice and how we interpret it
what we remember

Question 25

Define Priming

Answer 25

the process by which recent events or experiences increase the accessibility of schemas, traits, concepts

Question 26

What did the classic Donald study show?

Answer 26

That priming with positive or negative words prior to reading about a man predicted how subjects would rate him. That priming affects cognition

Question 27

Priming can affect our physical behaviour? T/F?

BONUS- what was the study that showed this??

Answer 27

True, Bargh et al 2006, priming with words related to stereotypes of seniors. Led to slower walking

Question 28

What were the results of the Pygmalion in the classroom study?

Answer 28

That positive expectations from a teacher led to dramatic improvements in performance

Question 29

The Pygmalion effect is also known as?

Answer 29

Self-fulfilling prophecy